【Java】反射

java中的反射

package com.su;

public class Person {
    private String name;
    int age;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    private Person(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("你好，我是一个人");
    }
    private String showNation(String nation){
        System.out.println("我的国籍是:"+nation);
        return nation;
    }
}

package com.su;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class ReflectionTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Class clazz = Person.class;

        Constructor cons = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
        Object obj = cons.newInstance("Tom", 12);
        Person p = (Person)obj;
        System.out.println(p.toString());

        //调用属性
        Field age = clazz.getDeclaredField("age");
        age.set(p,10);
        System.out.println(p.toString());

        //调用方法
        Method show = clazz.getMethod("show");
        show.invoke(p);

        //访问私有构造器、属性、方法
        Constructor cons1 = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
        cons1.setAccessible(true);
        Person p1 = (Person) cons1.newInstance("Jerry");
        System.out.println(p1.toString());

        Field name = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
        name.setAccessible(true);
        name.set(p1,"HanMeimei");
        System.out.println(p1.toString());

        Method showNation = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("showNation", String.class);
        showNation.setAccessible(true);
        String nation = (String)showNation.invoke(p1,"中国");//相当于p1.showNation("中国")
        System.out.println(nation);

    }
}

获取对应的Class对象

package com.su;

public class ReflectionTest {
    //获取Class的实例的方式
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //方式一：调用运行时类的属性.class
        Class clazz1 = Person.class;

        //方式二：通过运行时类的对象
        Person p1 = new Person();
        Class clazz2 = p1.getClass();

        //方式三：调用Class的静态方法：forName(String classPath)
        Class clazz3 = Class.forName("com.su.Person");

        /*获取的方式不同，但是却是同一个Class对象
         */
        System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz2);
        System.out.println(clazz2 == clazz3);
        System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz3);


        //方式四：使用类的加载器 ClassLoader
        ClassLoader classLoader = ReflectionTest.class.getClassLoader();
        Class clazz4 = classLoader.loadClass("com.su.Person");
        System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz4);


    }
}

通常使用最多的是通过类路径创建对应的Class对象

ClassLoader会将字节码文件加载到内存、并为之创建一个对应的Class对象

package com.su;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class ReflectionTest {
    //获取Class的实例的方式
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.su.Person");
        //获取所有的方法、包括从父类继承的，但不包括私有方法
        Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println(method.getName());
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
        //获取当前类的所有方法，不包括从父类继承的，但包括私有方法
        Method[] declaredMethods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
        for (Method declaredMethod : declaredMethods) {
            System.out.println(declaredMethod.getName());
        }


    }

注解

自定义的注解

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)//应用于属性上
public @interface MyAnnotation {
    String value();

}

//在测试类中读取注解
public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.su.Person");
        Field name = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
        MyAnnotation nameAnnotation = name.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation.class);//注意是赋值给自己写的注解类

        Constructor declaredConstructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
        Person person = (Person)declaredConstructor.newInstance();

        Method setName = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        setName.invoke(person,nameAnnotation.value());//获取注解内容，并通过set方法赋值给name属性

        Method getName = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getName");
        String s = (String) getName.invoke(person);
        System.out.println(s);
        System.out.println(person.getName());


    }


}