设计模式之命令模式

命令模式

命令模式：在软件设计中，我们经常需要像某些对象发送请求，但是并不知道请求的接收者是谁，也不知道被请求得操作是哪个，我们只需要在程序运行时指定具体得请求接收者即可。

命令模式UML类图

解析：

• Invoker 是调用者
• Command：是命令角色，需要执行的所有命令都在这，可以是接口或者抽象类
• Receiver：接受者角色，知道如何实施和执行一个请求相关的操作
• ConcreteCommand：将一个接收者对象与一个动作绑定，调用接收者相应的操作，实现execute

命令模式的简单实现

Receiver接收者角色

public class LightReceiver {

    public void on(){
        System.out.println("开灯");
    }

    public void off(){
        System.out.println("关灯");
    }
}

Command命令角色

public interface Command {

    void execute();

    void undo();
}

ConcreteCommand

public class LightOnCommand implements Command {

    private LightReceiver lightReceiver;

    public LightOnCommand(LightReceiver lightReceiver){
        this.lightReceiver = lightReceiver;
    }



    @Override
    public void execute() {
        lightReceiver.on();
    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {
        lightReceiver.off();
    }
}

public class LightOffCommand implements Command {
    private LightReceiver lightReceiver;

    public LightOffCommand(LightReceiver lightReceiver){
        this.lightReceiver = lightReceiver;
    }


    @Override
    public void execute() {
        lightReceiver.off();
    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {
        lightReceiver.on();
    }
}

空命令代码，省去了判断空的操作

public class NoCommand implements Command {
    @Override
    public void execute() {

    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {

    }
}

Invoker调用者

public class RemoteController {

    private Command[] onCommands;
    private Command[] offCommands;
    private Command undoCommand;

    public RemoteController(){
        this.onCommands = new Command[5];
        this.offCommands = new Command[5];

        for (int i=0;i<5;i++){
            onCommands[i] = new NoCommand();
            offCommands[i] = new NoCommand();
        }
    }

    public void setCommand(int no,Command onCommand,Command offCommand){
            onCommands[no] = onCommand;
            offCommands[no] = offCommand;
    }


    public void onButtonWasPushed(int no){
        onCommands[no].execute();

        undoCommand = onCommands[no];
    }


    public void offButtonWasPushed(int no){
        offCommands[no].execute();

        undoCommand = offCommands[no];
    }


    public void undoButtonWasPushed(int no){


        undoCommand.undo();
    }
}

测试：

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LightReceiver lightReceiver = new LightReceiver();

        LightOnCommand lightOnCommand = new LightOnCommand(lightReceiver);
        LightOffCommand lightOffCommand = new LightOffCommand(lightReceiver);

        RemoteController remoteController = new RemoteController();
        remoteController.setCommand(0,lightOnCommand,lightOffCommand);

        remoteController.onButtonWasPushed(0);
        remoteController.undoButtonWasPushed(0);
		//开灯
		//关灯
    }
}

总结

将发起请求对象与执行请求对象解耦。“请求发起者”和“请求执行者”之间的解耦是通过命令对象实现的 不良处导致系统有过多的具体命令类，增加了系统的复杂度。