Android开发之蓝牙通信

一、项目内容

使用蓝牙通信，实现通过蓝牙聊天功能

二、项目实现

1.添加蓝牙权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />

2.activity_main布局

在默认的主布局文件activity_main.xml里，添加1个Toolbar控件，其内包含2个水平的TextView控件；在Toolbar控件的下方添加1个ListView控件，用于显示聊天内容；最后在ListView控件的下方添加水平放置的1个EditText控件和一个Button控件。

<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="120dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
        android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
        android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:orientation="horizontal">

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_left_text"
                style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="left"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:text="TextView" />

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_right_text"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="right"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:text="TextView"
                android:textColor="#fff" />
        </LinearLayout>

    </androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>



    <ListView android:id="@+id/in"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:stackFromBottom="true"
        android:transcriptMode="alwaysScroll"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/edit_text_out"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="text"
            android:textSize="20dp" />
        <Button android:id="@+id/button_send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/send"/>
    </LinearLayout>

3.编写用于蓝牙会话的服务组件ChatService

创建监听线程，准备接受新连接。使用阻塞方式，调用 BluetoothServerSocket.accept()

private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;

        public AcceptThread() {
            BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                //使用射频端口（RF comm）监听
                tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
            mmServerSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("AcceptThread");
            BluetoothSocket socket = null;
            while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
                try {
                    socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    break;
                }
                if (socket != null) {
                    synchronized (ChatService.this) {
                        switch (mState) {
                            case STATE_LISTEN:
                            case STATE_CONNECTING:
                                connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());
                                break;
                            case STATE_NONE:
                            case STATE_CONNECTED:
                                try {
                                    socket.close();
                                } catch (IOException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmServerSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

连接线程，专门用来对外发出连接对方蓝牙的请求和处理流程

private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;

        public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
            mmDevice = device;
            BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
            try {
                tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmSocket = tmp;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            setName("ConnectThread");
            mAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            try {
                mmSocket.connect();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                connectionFailed();
                try {
                    mmSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e2) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                ChatService.this.start();
                return;
            }
            synchronized (ChatService.this) {
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
            connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

双方蓝牙连接后一直运行的线程；构造函数中设置输入输出流

private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
        private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
        private final InputStream mmInStream;
        private final OutputStream mmOutStream;

        public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
            mmSocket = socket;
            InputStream tmpIn = null;
            OutputStream tmpOut = null;
            try {
                tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
                tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mmInStream = tmpIn;
            mmOutStream = tmpOut;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytes;
            while (true) {
                try {
                    bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
                    mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    connectionLost();
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        public void write(byte[] buffer) {
            try {
                mmOutStream.write(buffer);
                mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public void cancel() {
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

 4.optionmenu.xml和devicelist.xml

分别建立供主Activity使用的菜单文件res/menu/optionmenu.xml、选择好友（即已经配对过的蓝牙设备）的界面布局文件devicelist.xml

option_menu.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:id="@+id/scan"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_myplaces"
        android:title="@string/connect" />
    <item android:id="@+id/discoverable"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_view"
        android:title="@string/discoverable" />
    <item android:id="@+id/back"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_close_clear_cancel"
        android:title="@string/back" />
</menu>

devicelist.xml:

<TextView android:id="@+id/title_paired_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/title_paired_devices"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:background="#666"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp" />
    <ListView android:id="@+id/paired_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title_new_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/title_other_devices"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:background="#666"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp" />
    <!--android:visibility="gone"表示不占空间的隐藏，invisible是占空间-->
    <ListView android:id="@+id/new_devices"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="2" />
    <Button android:id="@+id/button_scan"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/button_scan" />

5.Activity组件DeviceList

新建Activity组件DeviceList，实现选取与之会话的蓝牙设备

//定义广播接收者，用于处理扫描蓝牙设备后的结果
    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                }
            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
                if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) {
                    String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_found).toString();
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
                }
            }
        }
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_device_list);
        //在被调用活动里，设置返回结果码
        setResult(Activity.RESULT_CANCELED);
        init();  //活动界面
    }
    private void init() {
        Button scanButton = findViewById(R.id.button_scan);
        scanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, R.string.scanning, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                doDiscovery();  //搜索蓝牙设备
            }
        });
        mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.activity_device_list);
        mNewDevicesArrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.activity_device_list);
        //已配对蓝牙设备列表
        ListView pairedListView =findViewById(R.id.paired_devices);
        pairedListView.setAdapter(mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter);
        pairedListView.setOnItemClickListener(mPaireDeviceClickListener);
        //未配对蓝牙设备列表
        ListView newDevicesListView = findViewById(R.id.new_devices);
        newDevicesListView.setAdapter(mNewDevicesArrayAdapter);
        newDevicesListView.setOnItemClickListener(mNewDeviceClickListener);
        //动态注册广播接收者
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
        filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
        mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices();
        if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
            findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
                mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
            }
        } else {
            String noDevices = getResources().getText(R.string.none_paired).toString();
            mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add(noDevices);
        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (mBtAdapter != null) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        this.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
    }
    private void doDiscovery() {
        findViewById(R.id.title_new_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();  //开始搜索蓝牙设备并产生广播
        //startDiscovery是一个异步方法
        //找到一个设备时就发送一个BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND的广播
    }
    private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mPaireDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            String info = ((TextView) v).getText().toString();
            String address = info.substring(info.length() - 17);
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS, address);  //Mac地址
            setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
            finish();
        }
    };
    private AdapterView.OnItemClickListener mNewDeviceClickListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int arg2, long arg3) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            Toast.makeText(DeviceList.this, "请在蓝牙设置界面手动连接设备",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS);
            startActivityForResult(intent,1);
        }
    };
    //回调方法：进入蓝牙配对设置界面返回后执行
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        init();  //刷新好友列表
    }

6.蓝牙会话的主Activity组件程序BluetoothChat

检查蓝牙是否可用

if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙不可用", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { //若当前设备蓝牙功能未开启
            Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); //
        } else {
            if (mChatService == null) {
                setupChat();  //创建会话
            }
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if(grantResults.length>0){
            if(grantResults[0]!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                Toast.makeText(this, "未授权，蓝牙搜索功能将不可用！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

使用Handler对象在UI主线程与子线程之间传递消息

private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {   //消息处理
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE:
                    switch (msg.arg1) {
                        case ChatService.STATE_CONNECTED:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connected_to);
                            mTitle.append(mConnectedDeviceName);
                            mConversationArrayAdapter.clear();
                            break;
                        case ChatService.STATE_CONNECTING:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_connecting);
                            break;
                        case ChatService.STATE_LISTEN:
                        case ChatService.STATE_NONE:
                            mTitle.setText(R.string.title_not_connected);
                            break;
                    }
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_WRITE:
                    byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                    String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf);
                    mConversationArrayAdapter.add("我:  " + writeMessage);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_READ:
                    byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                    String readMessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1);
                    mConversationArrayAdapter.add(mConnectedDeviceName + ":  "
                            + readMessage);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME:
                    mConnectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME);
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"链接到 " + mConnectedDeviceName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_TOAST:
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                            msg.getData().getString(TOAST), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }
    };

返回进入好友列表操作后的数回调方法

public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_CONNECT_DEVICE:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    String address = data.getExtras().getString(DeviceList.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS);
                    BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
                    mChatService.connect(device);
                } else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "未选择任何好友！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    setupChat();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();
                }
        }
    }

 三、项目结果

 模拟器蓝牙不可用，需用真机调试。

源码地址：myBlueTooth