这是 Lv3 电脑级别,其中的逻辑是1.由我自己推导电脑不败之法,2.当没有变数时,调用 Lv2 函数。
程序
//This program is a simple tic-tac-toe game.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstddef>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <ctime>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
vector<vector<char>> point_now{ { ' ', ' ', ' '},{' ', ' ', ' '},{ ' ', ' ', ' '} };
const string location_computer[3][3] = { {"A1","A2","A3"},{"B1","B2","B3"},{"C1","C2","C3"} };
char player = 'X';
char computer_player = 'X';
unsigned step_count = 0;
int win_lose(vector<vector<char>> point, int n)
{
if (point[0][0] == point[0][1] && point[0][1] == point[0][2] && point[0][0] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
if (point[1][0] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[1][2] && point[1][0] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
if (point[2][0] == point[2][1] && point[2][1] == point[2][2] && point[2][0] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
if (point[0][0] == point[1][0] && point[1][0] == point[2][0] && point[0][0] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
if (point[0][1] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][1] && point[0][1] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
if (point[0][2] == point[1][2] && point[1][2] == point[2][2] && point[0][2] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
if (point[0][0] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][2] && point[1][1] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
if (point[0][2] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][0] && point[1][1] == 'X') return 1; // X wins
if (point[0][0] == point[0][1] && point[0][1] == point[0][2] && point[0][0] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
if (point[1][0] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[1][2] && point[1][0] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
if (point[2][0] == point[2][1] && point[2][1] == point[2][2] && point[2][0] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
if (point[0][0] == point[1][0] && point[1][0] == point[2][0] && point[0][0] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
if (point[0][1] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][1] && point[0][1] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
if (point[0][2] == point[1][2] && point[1][2] == point[2][2] && point[0][2] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
if (point[0][0] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][2] && point[1][1] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
if (point[0][2] == point[1][1] && point[1][1] == point[2][0] && point[1][1] == '0') return 2; // 0 wins
if (n == 9) return 3; // end up in a draw
else return 0; // unfinished
}
void game_player_change(char& player)
{
if (player == 'X')
player = '0'; // X -> 0
else player = 'X';// 0 -> X
}
string computer1(vector<vector<char>> p) // Computer Lv.1
{
string ret;
unsigned available_n = 49;
for (int c_i = 0; c_i != 3; c_i++)
{
for (int c_j = 0; c_j != 3; c_j++)
{
if ((p[c_i][c_j] != 'X') && (p[c_i][c_j] != '0'))
p[c_i][c_j] = available_n++; // mark empty places with numbers 1,2,3...
}
}
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
int ran = rand() % (available_n - 49) + 49; // generate a random number
for (int c_i = 0; c_i != 3; c_i++)
{
for (int c_j = 0; c_j != 3; c_j++)
{
if (p[c_i][c_j] == ran)
ret = location_computer[c_i][c_j]; // the chosen place
}
}
for (int c_i = 0; c_i != 3; c_i++)
{
for (int c_j = 0; c_j != 3; c_j++)
{
if ((p[c_i][c_j] != 'X') && (p[c_i][c_j] != '0'))
p[c_i][c_j] = ' '; // return to Space
}
}
return ret; // this is the copmuter-chosen location
}
string computer2(vector<vector<char>> p) // Computer Lv.2
{
char man_player = (computer_player == 'X') ? '0' : 'X'; // define man_player
/**/ if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[0][2] == computer_player && p[0][1] == ' ') return location_computer[0][1];
else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[0][1] == computer_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2];
else if (p[0][1] == computer_player && p[0][2] == computer_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Row A
else if (p[1][0] == computer_player && p[1][2] == computer_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
else if (p[1][0] == computer_player && p[1][1] == computer_player && p[1][2] == ' ') return location_computer[1][2];
else if (p[1][1] == computer_player && p[1][2] == computer_player && p[1][0] == ' ') return location_computer[1][0]; // Row B
else if (p[2][0] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[2][1] == ' ') return location_computer[2][1];
else if (p[2][0] == computer_player && p[2][1] == computer_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
else if (p[2][1] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0]; // Row C
else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[2][0] == computer_player && p[1][0] == ' ') return location_computer[1][0];
else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[1][0] == computer_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0];
else if (p[1][0] == computer_player && p[2][0] == computer_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Column 1
else if (p[0][1] == computer_player && p[2][1] == computer_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
else if (p[0][1] == computer_player && p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][1] == ' ') return location_computer[2][1];
else if (p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][1] == computer_player && p[0][1] == ' ') return location_computer[0][1]; // Column 2
else if (p[0][2] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[1][2] == ' ') return location_computer[1][2];
else if (p[0][2] == computer_player && p[1][2] == computer_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
else if (p[1][2] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2]; // Column 3
else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
else if (p[0][0] == computer_player && p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
else if (p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][2] == computer_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Diagonal 1
else if (p[0][2] == computer_player && p[2][0] == computer_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
else if (p[0][2] == computer_player && p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0];
else if (p[1][1] == computer_player && p[2][0] == computer_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2]; // Diagonal 2
else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[0][2] == man_player && p[0][1] == ' ') return location_computer[0][1];
else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[0][1] == man_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2];
else if (p[0][1] == man_player && p[0][2] == man_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Row A
else if (p[1][0] == man_player && p[1][2] == man_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
else if (p[1][0] == man_player && p[1][1] == man_player && p[1][2] == ' ') return location_computer[1][2];
else if (p[1][1] == man_player && p[1][2] == man_player && p[1][0] == ' ') return location_computer[1][0]; // Row B
else if (p[2][0] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[2][1] == ' ') return location_computer[2][1];
else if (p[2][0] == man_player && p[2][1] == man_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
else if (p[2][1] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0]; // Row C
else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[2][0] == man_player && p[1][0] == ' ') return location_computer[1][0];
else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[1][0] == man_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0];
else if (p[1][0] == man_player && p[2][0] == man_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Column 1
else if (p[0][1] == man_player && p[2][1] == man_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
else if (p[0][1] == man_player && p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][1] == ' ') return location_computer[2][1];
else if (p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][1] == man_player && p[0][1] == ' ') return location_computer[0][1]; // Column 2
else if (p[0][2] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[1][2] == ' ') return location_computer[1][2];
else if (p[0][2] == man_player && p[1][2] == man_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
else if (p[1][2] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2]; // Column 3
else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
else if (p[0][0] == man_player && p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][2] == ' ') return location_computer[2][2];
else if (p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][2] == man_player && p[0][0] == ' ') return location_computer[0][0]; // Diagonal 1
else if (p[0][2] == man_player && p[2][0] == man_player && p[1][1] == ' ') return location_computer[1][1];
else if (p[0][2] == man_player && p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][0] == ' ') return location_computer[2][0];
else if (p[1][1] == man_player && p[2][0] == man_player && p[0][2] == ' ') return location_computer[0][2]; // Diagonal 2
else return computer1(point_now);
}
string computer3(vector<vector<char>> p) // Computer Lv.3
{
vector<vector<char>> p001 = { {' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 0
vector<vector<char>> p002 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p003 = { {' ','X',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p004 = { {' ',' ','X'},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p005 = { {' ',' ',' '},{'X',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p006 = { {' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ','X'},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p007 = { {' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{'X',' ',' '} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p008 = { {' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ','X',' '} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p009 = { {' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ','X'} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p010 = { {' ',' ',' '},{' ','X',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 1
vector<vector<char>> p011 = { {'X','0',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
vector<vector<char>> p012 = { {'X',' ','0'},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
vector<vector<char>> p013 = { {'X',' ',' '},{'0',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
vector<vector<char>> p014 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ','0',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
vector<vector<char>> p015 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ',' ','0'},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 2
vector<vector<char>> p016 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{'0',' ',' '} }; // 2
vector<vector<char>> p017 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ','0',' '} }; // 2
vector<vector<char>> p018 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ','0'} }; // 2
vector<vector<char>> p019 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ','0','X'},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p020 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ','0',' '},{' ','X',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p021 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ','0',' '},{' ',' ','X'} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p022 = { {' ',' ','X'},{' ','0',' '},{'X',' ',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p023 = { {' ',' ','X'},{' ','0',' '},{' ','X',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p024 = { {' ',' ','X'},{'X','0',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p025 = { {' ',' ',' '},{'X','0',' '},{' ',' ','X'} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p026 = { {' ','X',' '},{' ','0',' '},{' ',' ','X'} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p027 = { {' ','X',' '},{' ','0',' '},{'X',' ',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p028 = { {' ',' ',' '},{' ','0','X'},{'X',' ',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p029 = { {' ','X',' '},{'X','0',' '},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p030 = { {' ','X',' '},{' ','0','X'},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p031 = { {' ',' ',' '},{' ','0','X'},{' ','X',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p032 = { {' ',' ',' '},{'X','0',' '},{' ','X',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p033 = { {' ','X',' '},{' ','0',' '},{' ','X',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p034 = { {' ',' ',' '},{'X','0','X'},{' ',' ',' '} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p035 = { {'0',' ',' '},{' ','X',' '},{' ',' ','X'} }; // 3
vector<vector<char>> p036 = { {'X','0',' '},{' ','X',' '},{' ',' ','0'} }; // 4
vector<vector<char>> p037 = { {'X',' ',' '},{'0','X',' '},{' ',' ','0'} }; // 4
vector<vector<char>> p038 = { {'X','0','X'},{' ',' ',' '},{'0',' ','X'} }; // 4
vector<vector<char>> p039 = { {'X',' ','0'},{'0',' ',' '},{'X',' ',' '} }; // 4
vector<vector<char>> p040 = { {'X',' ',' '},{' ','0','X'},{' ','X','0'} }; // 5
vector<vector<char>> p041 = { {' ',' ','X'},{'X','0',' '},{'0','X',' '} }; // 5
vector<vector<char>> p042 = { {'0','X',' '},{'X','0',' '},{' ',' ','X'} }; // 5
vector<vector<char>> p043 = { {' ','X','0'},{' ','0','X'},{'X',' ',' '} }; // 5
/**/ if (p == p001 || p == p010 || p == p025 || p == p026 || p == p029 || p == p041 || p == p043) return "A1";
else if (p == p034) return "A2";
else if (p == p016 || p == p018 || p == p027 || p == p028 || p == p030 || p == p037 || p == p040) return "A3";
else if (p == p002 || p == p003 || p == p004 || p == p005 || p == p006 || p == p007 || p == p008 ||
/* */p == p009 || p == p011 || p == p013 || p == p015 || p == p017) return "B2";
else if (p == p033) return "B3";
else if (p == p012 || p == p023 || p == p024 || p == p032 || p == p035 || p == p036 || p == p042) return "C1";
else if (p == p021 || p == p022) return "C2";
else if (p == p014 || p == p019 || p == p020 || p == p031 || p == p038 || p == p039) return "C3";
else return computer2(p);
}
int main()
{
cout << "This program is a simple tic-tac-toe game.\nProgrammer:Teddy van Jerry\n" << endl;
cout << "Please choose 'Man VS Man'(1) or 'Man VS Computer'(2): ";
char Man_or_Computer;
cin >> Man_or_Computer;
cout << endl;
char difficulty = '3'; // default setup
if (Man_or_Computer == '2') // for Man VS Computer
{
cout << "Please choose Difficulty: 'Lv.1 (Easy)'(1) or 'Lv.2 (Medium)'(2) or 'Lv.3 (Difficult)'(3): ";
cin >> difficulty;
cout << endl;
cout << "You go first or the computer? You(1), Computer(2): ";
char You_or_Computer;
cin >> You_or_Computer;
cout << endl;
if (You_or_Computer == '1')
computer_player = '0';
else computer_player = 'X';
}
// Print an empty board.
cout << "| |1|2|3|" << endl;
cout << "|A| | | |" << endl;
cout << "|B| | | |" << endl;
cout << "|C| | | |\n" << endl;
while (win_lose(point_now, step_count) == 0)
{
string location;
unsigned location_letter = 0; // A/B/C
unsigned location_number = 0; // 1/2/3
begin: // a label
std::cout << "Player " << player << ", make your move: ";
if (Man_or_Computer == '1')
cin >> location; // input the location (e.g. B2)
else
{
if (player != computer_player)
cin >> location; // input the location (e.g. B2)
else
{
if (difficulty == '1')
location = computer1(point_now);
if (difficulty == '2')
location = computer2(point_now);
if (difficulty == '3')
location = computer3(point_now);
cout << location << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
switch (location[0])
{
case 'a': case 'A':
location_letter = 0;
break;
case 'b': case 'B':
location_letter = 1;
break;
case 'c': case 'C':
location_letter = 2;
break;
default: // illegal input
location_letter = 100; // indicate an error
break;
}
switch (location[1])
{
case '1':
location_number = 0;
break;
case '2':
location_number = 1;
break;
case '3':
location_number = 2;
break;
default: // illegal input
location_number = 100; // indicate an error
break;
}
try
{
if (location_letter != 100 && location_number != 100 && point_now[location_letter][location_number] == ' ')
point_now[location_letter][location_number] = player;
else throw runtime_error("Illegal input!");
}
catch (runtime_error err)
{
cout << err.what() << "\nTry Again? Enter Y or N." << endl;
char decision;
cin >> decision;
if (!cin || decision == 'n' || decision == 'N')
break;
else
{
cout << endl;
goto begin; // go back to the label 'begin'
}
}
// Print the board
cout << "| |1|2|3|" << endl;
cout << "|A|" << point_now[0][0] << "|" << point_now[0][1] << "|" << point_now[0][2] << "|" << endl;
cout << "|B|" << point_now[1][0] << "|" << point_now[1][1] << "|" << point_now[1][2] << "|" << endl;
cout << "|C|" << point_now[2][0] << "|" << point_now[2][1] << "|" << point_now[2][2] << "|" << endl;
game_player_change(player); // change the player
++step_count; // count one more time
cout << endl;
}
int final_result = win_lose(point_now, step_count);
char winner = 'N';
switch (final_result)
{
case 1:
winner = 'X';
cout << "Congratulations! The winner is X." << endl;
break;
case 2:
winner = '0';
cout << "Congratulations! The winner is 0." << endl;
break;
case 3:
cout << "The game ended in a draw." << endl;
break;
}
if (Man_or_Computer == '2')
{
if (winner == computer_player)
cout << "Computer won!" << endl;
else
{
if (winner != 'N')
cout << "You won!!!" << endl;
}
}
cout << "\nALL RIGHTS RESERVED (c) 2020 Teddy van Jerry" << endl;
return 0;
}
//Copyright :2020 Teddy van Jerry
输出示例
在Lv.3状态下该程序能做到屡战不败,争取获胜(如果没有bug的话)。(如果有bug,欢迎评论区给出战胜 Lv3 电脑的方法)
分析
computer3()
函数的定义和computer2()
一样是暴力式的,属于枚举。如果枚举错误,很有可能存在bug。- 一开始写
computer3()
时有错误:使用判断数组是否相等,然而这个的结果其实一定为 false,此方法不可行。因而后来全部改成了vector<vector<char>>
了。 - 此程序兼容 人 VS 人, 人 VS Lv1 电脑,Lv2 电脑,开局时可以选择。
- 该程序一样对于不合法输入进行了判别(分为两种:1.坐标超出范围,2.输入到原来已有棋子的位置上),详见【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS 人)中的分析。
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2020 Teddy van Jerry
欢迎转载,转载请注明出处。
See also
Teddy van Jerry 的导航页
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS 人)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv1电脑)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv2电脑)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv3电脑)(战绩统计版)
【C++ 程序】 随机数
【C++ 程序】 移动迷宫游戏
【C++ 程序】 贪吃蛇游戏
【C++ 程序】 数字推盘游戏(15-puzzle)
【C++ 程序】 2048游戏
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS 人)(EasyX 图形界面)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv3电脑)(战绩统计版)(EasyX 图形界面)
【C++ 程序】 2048游戏(EasyX 图形界面)
【C++ 程序】 贪吃蛇游戏(EasyX 图形界面)