【离散数学】 SEU - 08 - 2021/03/26 - Introduction to Proofs

Discrete Mathematics and its Applications (8th Edition)
2021/03/26 - Introduction to Proofs

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1 The Foundations: Logic and Proofs

1.7 Introduction to Proofs

1.7.2 Some Terminology

A theorem is a statement that can be shown to be true using:

• definitions
• other theorems
• axioms (statements which are given as true)
• rules of inference

A lemma is a ‘helping theorem’ or a result which is needed to prove a theorem.

A corollary is a result which follows directly from a theorem.

Less important theorems are sometimes called propositions.

A conjecture is a statement that is being proposed to be true.

1.7.5 Direct Proofs

1.7.6 Proof by Contraposition

1.7.7 Proof by Contradiction

$\forall x(A(x)\to B(x))\to (\forall xA(x)\to \forall xB(x))\equiv \mathbf{T}$

Solution:
∀ x