Servlet
1.Servlet介绍
servlet代码
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("Hello Servlet 被访问了");
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
web.xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!-- servlet 标签给 Tomcat 配置 Servlet 程序 -->
<servlet>
<!--servlet-name 标签 Servlet 程序起一个别名(一般是类名) -->
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<!--servlet-class 是 Servlet 程序的全类名-->
<servlet-class>com.atguigu.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--servlet-mapping 标签给 servlet 程序配置访问地址-->
<servlet-mapping>
<!--servlet-name 标签的作用是告诉服务器,我当前配置的地址给哪个 Servlet 程序使用-->
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<!--url-pattern 标签配置访问地址 <br/>
/ 斜杠在服务器解析的时候,表示地址为:http://ip:port/工程路径 <br/>
/hello 表示地址为:http://ip:port/工程路径/hello <br/>
-->
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2.url 地址到 Servlet 程序的访问
3.Servlet 的生命周期
4.GET 和 POST 请求的分发处理
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
// System.out.println("Hello Servlet 被访问了");
//类型转换,因为他有getMethod()方法
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
//获取请求方式
String method = httpServletRequest.getMethod();
if("GET".equals(method)){
doGet();
}else if("POST".equals(method)){
doPost();
}
}
public void doGet(){
System.out.println("get请求");
System.out.println("get请求");
}
public void doPost(){
System.out.println("post请求");
System.out.println("post请求");
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
5.通过继承 HttpServlet 实现 Servlet 程序
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("HelloServlet中的get请求");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("HelloServlet中的post请求");
}
}
6.使用 IDEA 创建 Servlet 程序
7.Servlet 类的继承体系
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(name = "HelloServlet3")
public class HelloServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("HelloServlet3中的post请求");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("HelloServlet3中的get请求");
}
}
8.ServletConfig类
8.1 介绍
8.2 ServletConfig 类的三大作用
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("初始方法");
// 1、可以获取 Servlet 程序的别名 servlet-name 的值
System.out.println("HelloServlet的别名是:"+servletConfig.getServletName());
// 2、获取初始化参数 init-param
System.out.println("初始化username的值是:"+servletConfig.getInitParameter("username"));
System.out.println("初始化url的值是:"+servletConfig.getInitParameter("url"));
//3、获取 ServletContext 对象
System.out.println(servletConfig.getServletContext());
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
// System.out.println("Hello Servlet 被访问了");
//类型转换,因为他有getMethod()方法
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
//获取请求方式
String method = httpServletRequest.getMethod();
if("GET".equals(method)){
doGet();
}else if("POST".equals(method)){
doPost();
}
}
public void doGet(){
System.out.println("get请求");
System.out.println("get请求");
}
public void doPost(){
System.out.println("post请求");
System.out.println("post请求");
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
8.3 注意点
getServletConfig()方法会返回一个ServletConfig,该对象是由HttpServlet父类初始化所赋值的,如果重写该方法时没有调用父类的init方法的话,则默认运行子类方法即我们重写的init方法,则ServletConfig对象没有值,会报空指针异常
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
//会报空指针异常的写法
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
}
//正确写法
// @Override
// public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
// super.init(config);
// }
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletConfig servletConfig = getServletConfig();
System.out.println(servletConfig);
System.out.println(servletConfig.getInitParameter("username"));
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
没有调用父类init方法时的运行结果
9.ServletContext 类
9.1 什么是 ServletContext?
9.2 ServletContext 类的四个作用
当存储数据时,如果没有重新部署或者重新打开工程文件的话,ServletContext存储的数据不会被销毁,不同程序上的ServletContext是同一个。
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(name = "HelloServlet3")
public class HelloServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("HelloServlet3中的post请求");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1、获取 web.xml 中配置的上下文参数 context-param
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
String username = servletContext.getInitParameter("username");
System.out.println("context_param的username值是:"+username);
System.out.println("context_param的password值是:"+servletContext.getInitParameter("password"));
// 2、获取当前的工程路径,格式: /工程路径
System.out.println("当前工程路径:"+servletContext.getContextPath());
// 3、获取工程部署后在服务器硬盘上的绝对路径
/**
* / 斜杠被服务器解析地址为:http://ip:port/工程名/ 映射到 IDEA 代码的 web 目录<br/>
*/
System.out.println("工程部署的路径:"+servletContext.getRealPath("/"));
System.out.println("工程下css目录的绝对路径是:"+servletContext.getRealPath("/css"));
//4.ServletContext 像 Map 一样存取数据
System.out.println(servletContext);
System.out.println("存储之前Context1 获取 key1 的值是: "+servletContext.getAttribute("key1"));
//存储key1
servletContext.setAttribute("key1","value1");
System.out.println("Context1 中获取域数据 key1 的值是:"+ servletContext.getAttribute("key1"));
}
}
10 HTTP协议
10.1 什么是HTTP协议
10.2 请求的HTTP协议格式
10.3 响应的 HTTP 协议格式
11.HttpServletRequest类
11.1 作用
11.2 常用方法
代码
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RequestAPIServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// i.getRequestURI() 获取请求的资源路径
System.out.println("URI => " + req.getRequestURI());//URI => /07_servlet/servlet
// ii.getRequestURL() 获取请求的统一资源定位符(绝对路径)
System.out.println("URL=>" + req.getRequestURL());//http://localhost:8080/07_servlet/servlet
// iii.getRemoteHost() 获取客户端的 ip 地址
/*** 在 IDEA 中,使用 localhost 访问时,得到的客户端 ip 地址是 ===>>> 127.0.0.1<br/>
* 在 IDEA 中,使用 127.0.0.1 访问时,得到的客户端 ip 地址是 ===>>> 127.0.0.1<br/>
* 在 IDEA 中,使用 真实 ip 访问时,得到的客户端 ip 地址是 ===>>> 真实的客户端 ip 地址<br/>
*/
System.out.println("客户端ip地址:" + req.getRemoteHost());//客户端ip地址:127.0.0.1
// iv.getHeader() 获取请求头
System.out.println("请求头 User-Agent ==>> " + req.getHeader("User-Agent"));//请求头 User-Agent ==>> Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36
// vii.getMethod() 获取请求的方式 GET 或 POST
System.out.println("请求方式=>" + req.getMethod());//请求方式=>GET
}
}
11.3 如何请求参数
html代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>提交</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/07_servlet/parameterServlet">
用户名:<input type = "text" name = "username">
密码:<input type = "password" name = "password">
兴趣爱好:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="cpp">C++
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="java">Java
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="js">JavaScript<br/>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
java代码
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RequestAPIServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// i.getRequestURI() 获取请求的资源路径
System.out.println("URI => " + req.getRequestURI());//URI => /07_servlet/servlet
// ii.getRequestURL() 获取请求的统一资源定位符(绝对路径)
System.out.println("URL=>" + req.getRequestURL());//http://localhost:8080/07_servlet/servlet
// iii.getRemoteHost() 获取客户端的 ip 地址
/*** 在 IDEA 中,使用 localhost 访问时,得到的客户端 ip 地址是 ===>>> 127.0.0.1<br/>
* 在 IDEA 中,使用 127.0.0.1 访问时,得到的客户端 ip 地址是 ===>>> 127.0.0.1<br/>
* 在 IDEA 中,使用 真实 ip 访问时,得到的客户端 ip 地址是 ===>>> 真实的客户端 ip 地址<br/>
*/
System.out.println("客户端ip地址:" + req.getRemoteHost());//客户端ip地址:127.0.0.1
// iv.getHeader() 获取请求头
System.out.println("请求头 User-Agent ==>> " + req.getHeader("User-Agent"));//请求头 User-Agent ==>> Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36
// vii.getMethod() 获取请求的方式 GET 或 POST
System.out.println("请求方式=>" + req.getMethod());//请求方式=>GET
}
}
11.4 Post请求中乱码问题解决
post代码
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class ParameterServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("doget方法");
//获取请求的参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobby = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
System.out.println("用户名:"+username);
System.out.println("密码:" + password);
System.out.println("兴趣爱好:" + Arrays.asList(hobby));
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 设置请求体的字符集为 UTF-8,从而解决 post 请求的中文乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
System.out.println("dopost方法");
//获取请求的参数
//注意:一定要先设置好字符集再获取,先获取后再设置的话无效
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobby = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
System.out.println("用户名:"+username);
System.out.println("密码:" + password);
System.out.println("兴趣爱好:" + Arrays.asList(hobby));
}
}
12.请求的转发
srevlet代码
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取请求的参数(办事的材料)查看
String username = req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("在 Servlet1(柜台 1)中查看参数(材料):"+username);
// 给材料 盖一个章,并传递到 Servlet2(柜台 2)去查看
req.setAttribute("key","柜台1的章");
// 问路:Servlet2(柜台 2)怎么走
//请求转发必须要以斜杠打头,/ 斜杠表示地址为:http://ip:port/工程名/ , 映射到 IDEA 代码的 web 目录
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet2");
//走向servlet2柜台
requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
}
}
servlet2代码
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求的参数(办事的材料)查看
String username = req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("在 Servlet2(柜台 2)中查看参数(材料):" + username);
//查看是否有柜台1的章
Object key = req.getAttribute("key");
System.out.println("是否有柜台1的章:"+key);
//处理自己的业务
System.out.println("柜台2处理自己的业务");
}
}
13.base 标签的作用
Java代码
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ForwardC extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("经过了ForwardC");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/a/b/c.html").forward(req,resp);
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是 a 下的 b 下的 c.html 页面<br/>
<a href="../../index.html">跳回首页</a><br/>
</body>
</html>
14.Web中相对路径和绝对路径
/的不同意义
15.HttpServletResponse 类
15.1 两个输出流说明
15.2 如何往客户端回传数据以及解决乱码问题
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class ResponseIOServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 要求 : 往客户端回传 字符串 数据。
/** 设置字符集的第一种方式(不推荐使用)
* //设置服务器的字符集为UTF-8
* resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
* // 通过响应头,设置浏览器也使用 UTF-8 字符集
* resp.setHeader("Content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
*/
//设置字符集的第二种方式(推荐使用)
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");//要在获取流对象之前设置才有效
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
//如果不设置字符集的话会乱码
writer.write("hello!你好");
}
}
16.请求重定向
Response1代码
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Response1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("曾到Response一游");
/** 第一种请求重定向的方案(不推荐)
* // 设置响应状态码 302 ,表示重定向,(已搬迁)
* resp.setStatus(302);
* // 设置响应头,说明 新的地址在哪里
* resp.setHeader("Location","http://localhost:8080/07_servlet/response2");
*/
//第二种请求重定向的方案(推荐使用)
resp.sendRedirect("http://localhost:8080/07_servlet/response2");
}
}
Response2代码
package com.atguigu.serlvet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Response2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("Response2执行");
}
}