Basic of computer Network 11： Network Services

Directory Services
There are various types of hosts and various kinds of resources in the internet. These things are scattered in the network and need a certain regulation to access these resources and set up the relevant services. As a result, there is a directory service.
It is a server use to stores, organises data and provides information and network resource (like volumes, folders, files, printers, users, groups, devices, phone numbers, and other objects). It also contains the look up service which likes a dictionary that allows user to find out what they want based on a given value.
The main purpose of Directory Server is to provide a correspondence between resources and addresses. For example, when a user wants to look for shared printer or host on the internet, the user just needs to know the name (which is the address for that printer or host), doesn’t care about its real physical location. Directory servers help maintain such resource-address mappings.
It also provides the domain control and user verification, so when the user wants to access a virtual area in the network, they need to have corresponded username and correct password to login that they just can access the resources they need.

Applications Service
Application server is a program that exposes business logic to the client through various protocols. It provides access to business logic for use by client applications. The application server uses this business logic as a method of calling an object.
Simply, a server that implements dynamic web technology is called an application server.
The Web Application also resides on the application Server. Application servers provide a simple and manageable access to system resources for Web applications. It also provides low-level services such as implementation of the HTTP protocol and database connection management. The Servlet container (which is the environment that support application run) is only one part of the application server. In addition to Servlet containers, application servers also provide other Java EE (Enterprise Edition) components, such as EJB containers, JNDI servers, and JMS servers.
Overall, Application server has the control on application software that allow the user to access it. Also, application server also can manage the licensing of software and have enough storage for software to store.

File Service
In the Client/Server model, the file server is the computer responsible for storing and managing the data files centrally so that they can be accessed by other computers on the same network. Generally, File server is installed in server farm, which means the data is stored in private internal network and accessed by private user. The file server allows users to share information over the network without the need for physical transfer via floppy disks or other external storage devices. Any computer can be configured as a host and act as a file server.
In its simplest form, a file server can be a normal PC that handles file requests and sends them over the network. In more complex networks, the file server may be a dedicated network-connected storage (NAS) device or can be used as a remote hard drive for other computers, allowing anyone on the network to store files on their own hard drive.
The program or mechanism that enables the required processes for file sharing can also be called a file server. On the Internet, these programs usually use the file transfer protocol (FTP).

Telecommunication Service
It is a server that provide communication service to user and allows them to communicate through the internet by using e-mail. The service also provides e-commerce, web, fax, internet, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and so on that facilitate user to interact and communicate.
Telecommunication service also include:
Fixed communication, like IP telephone terminal, fax. They use fixed connection cables to enable communication between users, but the terminal device is not moveable or limited movement.
Cellular Mobile Communication, it uses wireless network to enable communication between users. The terminal device is moveable and allows user to transfer voice, text, video, etc.
Satellite Communication service which allows user to communicate through satellite communication network. It allows user to transfer voice, text, video frequency (V.F.) and so on.

Three examples
Email, which is one of the applications uses for communication that will help users to transfer data through network that need all four servers to support it run. Application server create the environment that email can run on it; Telecommunication Server allows the communication between different users; Directory Server provide the domain control to user, so they can log in to their own account.

Browser, which is the application that user can search what they want. It needs Application server to provide the environment, Directory server to link the resource and its address which also allow user to create an account.

Firewall is the security gate that can block organisation system from unauthorised access. It needs Application Server to built up the running environment and it also needs File server to store the data that created by firewall during it monitor data in and out.

Five step process
Need: incorporate web sales and enhance their customer services provision by creating their own website
Service: Application & Directory
Server Required: Web Server that link with domain controller
Application:
Server Side – Web server
Client Side – Chrome
Protocol & Ports:
HTTP (80) HTTPS 443)

Need: the new network will need to provide for this in terms of security
Service: Application & Directory
Server Required: Firewall Server
Application:
Server Side – Firewall server
Client Side – McAfee
Protocol & Ports:
FTP (21) TCP/UDP (0-1023)

Need: allow member of the communicate to communicate with each other via email.
Service: Telecommunication, Directory & Application.
Server Required: Email Server that link with domain controller, firewall server (filter out malicious mail)
Application:
Server Side- Microsoft Exchange
Client Side – Microsoft Outlook
Protocol & Ports:
Incoming Mail - POP3 (110)
Outgoing Mail – SMTP (25) or IMAP (143)