04-04 向函数传递对象

向函数传递对象

1、向函数传递对象

• 对象作为参数传递给函数
• 向函数传递对象时，通过传值调用传递
• 函数中对对象的任何修改，均不影响调用该函数的对象本身

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
    private:
        int x;
    public:
        A(int n) { x = n; }
        void set(int n) { x = n; }
        int get() { return x; }
};
void square(A ob)
{
    cout << "ob is " << ob.get() << endl;
    ob.set(ob.get() * ob.get());
    cout << "square of ob is "
         << ob.get() << endl;
}
int main()
{
    A ob(12);
    square(ob);
    cout << "ob is " << ob.get() << endl;
    return 0;
}
/*
ob is 12
square of ob is 144
ob is 12
*/

2、使用对象指针作为函数参数

• 对象指针作为函数的参数
• 使用对象指针作为函数参数，可实现传址调用，可在被调用函数中改变调用函数的参数对象的值，实现函数之间的信息传递
• 仅将对象的地址值传给形参，不进行副本的拷贝，可以提高运行效率，减少时空开销
• 调用函数的对应实参是对象的地址值

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
    private:
        int x;
    public:
        A(int n) { x = n; }
        void set(int n) { x = n; }
        int get() { return x; }
};
void square(A *ob)
{
    cout << "ob is " << ob->get() << endl;
    ob->set(ob->get() * ob->get());
    cout << "square of ob is "
         << ob->get() << endl;
}
int main()
{
    A ob(12);
    square(&ob);
    cout << "ob is " << ob.get() << endl;
    return 0;
}
/*
ob is 12
square of ob is 144
ob is 144
*/

3、使用对象引用作为函数参数

具有用对象指针作为函数参数的优点，而且更简单、直接

• 函数对对象的修改会改变对象本身

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
    private:
        int x;
    public:
        A(int n) { x = n; }
        void set(int n) { x = n; }
        int get() { return x; }
};
void square(A &ob)
{
    cout << "ob is " << ob.get() << endl;
    ob.set(ob.get() * ob.get());
    cout << "square of ob is "
         << ob.get() << endl;
}
int main()
{
    A ob(12);
    square(ob);
    cout << "ob is " << ob.get() << endl;
    return 0;
}
/*
ob is 12
square of ob is 144
ob is 144
*/