- 文为「365天深度学习训练营」内部文章
- 参考本文所写文章，请在文章开头带上「🔗 声明」
import tensorflow as tf
gpus = tf.config.list_physical_devices("GPU")
if gpus:
tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(gpus[0], True) #设置GPU显存用量按需使用
tf.config.set_visible_devices([gpus[0]],"GPU")
# 打印显卡信息，确认GPU可用
print(gpus)import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 支持中文
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号
import os,PIL,pathlib
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
data_dir = "E:/T3/365-7-data"
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
image_count = len(list(data_dir.glob('*/*')))
print("图片总数为：",image_count)图片总数为： 3400
batch_size = 8
img_height = 224
img_width = 224"""
关于image_dataset_from_directory()的详细介绍可以参考文章：https://mtyjkh.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117018789
"""
train_ds = tf.keras.preprocessing.image_dataset_from_directory(
data_dir,
validation_split=0.2,
subset="training",
seed=12,
image_size=(img_height, img_width),
batch_size=batch_size)Found 3400 files belonging to 2 classes. Using 2720 files for training.
"""
关于image_dataset_from_directory()的详细介绍可以参考文章：https://mtyjkh.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117018789
"""
val_ds = tf.keras.preprocessing.image_dataset_from_directory(
data_dir,
validation_split=0.2,
subset="validation",
seed=12,
image_size=(img_height, img_width),
batch_size=batch_size)Found 3400 files belonging to 2 classes. Using 680 files for validation.
class_names = train_ds.class_names
print(class_names)['cat', 'dog']
for image_batch, labels_batch in train_ds:
print(image_batch.shape)
print(labels_batch.shape)
break
(8, 224, 224, 3) (8,)
AUTOTUNE = tf.data.AUTOTUNE
def preprocess_image(image,label):
return (image/255.0,label)
# 归一化处理
train_ds = train_ds.map(preprocess_image, num_parallel_calls=AUTOTUNE)
val_ds = val_ds.map(preprocess_image, num_parallel_calls=AUTOTUNE)
train_ds = train_ds.cache().shuffle(1000).prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)
val_ds = val_ds.cache().prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 10)) # 图形的宽为15高为10
for images, labels in train_ds.take(1):
for i in range(8):
ax = plt.subplot(5, 8, i + 1)
plt.imshow(images[i])
plt.title(class_names[labels[i]])
plt.axis("off")
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models, Input
from tensorflow.keras.models import Model
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, Dense, Flatten, Dropout
def VGG16(nb_classes, input_shape):
input_tensor = Input(shape=input_shape)
# 1st block
x = Conv2D(64, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block1_conv1')(input_tensor)
x = Conv2D(64, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block1_conv2')(x)
x = MaxPooling2D((2,2), strides=(2,2), name = 'block1_pool')(x)
# 2nd block
x = Conv2D(128, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block2_conv1')(x)
x = Conv2D(128, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block2_conv2')(x)
x = MaxPooling2D((2,2), strides=(2,2), name = 'block2_pool')(x)
# 3rd block
x = Conv2D(256, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block3_conv1')(x)
x = Conv2D(256, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block3_conv2')(x)
x = Conv2D(256, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block3_conv3')(x)
x = MaxPooling2D((2,2), strides=(2,2), name = 'block3_pool')(x)
# 4th block
x = Conv2D(512, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block4_conv1')(x)
x = Conv2D(512, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block4_conv2')(x)
x = Conv2D(512, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block4_conv3')(x)
x = MaxPooling2D((2,2), strides=(2,2), name = 'block4_pool')(x)
# 5th block
x = Conv2D(512, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block5_conv1')(x)
x = Conv2D(512, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block5_conv2')(x)
x = Conv2D(512, (3,3), activation='relu', padding='same',name='block5_conv3')(x)
x = MaxPooling2D((2,2), strides=(2,2), name = 'block5_pool')(x)
# full connection
x = Flatten()(x)
x = Dense(4096, activation='relu', name='fc1')(x)
x = Dense(4096, activation='relu', name='fc2')(x)
output_tensor = Dense(nb_classes, activation='softmax', name='predictions')(x)
model = Model(input_tensor, output_tensor)
return model
model=VGG16(1000, (img_width, img_height, 3))
model.summary()
WARNING:tensorflow:From D:\dl\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\keras\src\backend.py:1398: The name tf.executing_eagerly_outside_functions is deprecated. Please use tf.compat.v1.executing_eagerly_outside_functions instead.
WARNING:tensorflow:From D:\dl\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\keras\src\layers\pooling\max_pooling2d.py:161: The name tf.nn.max_pool is deprecated. Please use tf.nn.max_pool2d instead.
Model: "model"
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
=================================================================
input_1 (InputLayer) [(None, 224, 224, 3)] 0
block1_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 224, 224, 64) 1792
block1_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 224, 224, 64) 36928
block1_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 112, 112, 64) 0
block2_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 112, 112, 128) 73856
block2_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 112, 112, 128) 147584
block2_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 56, 56, 128) 0
block3_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 56, 56, 256) 295168
block3_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 56, 56, 256) 590080
block3_conv3 (Conv2D) (None, 56, 56, 256) 590080
block3_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 28, 28, 256) 0
block4_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 28, 28, 512) 1180160
block4_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 28, 28, 512) 2359808
block4_conv3 (Conv2D) (None, 28, 28, 512) 2359808
block4_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 14, 14, 512) 0
block5_conv1 (Conv2D) (None, 14, 14, 512) 2359808
block5_conv2 (Conv2D) (None, 14, 14, 512) 2359808
block5_conv3 (Conv2D) (None, 14, 14, 512) 2359808
block5_pool (MaxPooling2D) (None, 7, 7, 512) 0
flatten (Flatten) (None, 25088) 0
fc1 (Dense) (None, 4096) 102764544
fc2 (Dense) (None, 4096) 16781312
predictions (Dense) (None, 1000) 4097000
=================================================================
Total params: 138357544 (527.79 MB)
Trainable params: 138357544 (527.79 MB)
Non-trainable params: 0 (0.00 Byte)
_________________________________________________
model.compile(optimizer="adam",
loss ='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics =['accuracy'])
from tqdm import tqdm
import tensorflow.keras.backend as K
epochs = 10
lr = 1e-4
# 记录训练数据，方便后面的分析
history_train_loss = []
history_train_accuracy = []
history_val_loss = []
history_val_accuracy = []
for epoch in range(epochs):
train_total = len(train_ds)
val_total = len(val_ds)
"""
total：预期的迭代数目
ncols：控制进度条宽度
mininterval：进度更新最小间隔，以秒为单位（默认值：0.1）
"""
with tqdm(total=train_total, desc=f'Epoch {epoch + 1}/{epochs}',mininterval=1,ncols=100) as pbar:
lr = lr*0.92
K.set_value(model.optimizer.lr, lr)
for image,label in train_ds:
"""
训练模型，简单理解train_on_batch就是：它是比model.fit()更高级的一个用法
想详细了解 train_on_batch 的同学，
可以看看我的这篇文章：https://www.yuque.com/mingtian-fkmxf/hv4lcq/ztt4gy
"""
history = model.train_on_batch(image,label)
train_loss = history[0]
train_accuracy = history[1]
pbar.set_postfix({"loss": "%.4f"%train_loss,
"accuracy":"%.4f"%train_accuracy,
"lr": K.get_value(model.optimizer.lr)})
pbar.update(1)
history_train_loss.append(train_loss)
history_train_accuracy.append(train_accuracy)
print('开始验证！')
with tqdm(total=val_total, desc=f'Epoch {epoch + 1}/{epochs}',mininterval=0.3,ncols=100) as pbar:
for image,label in val_ds:
history = model.test_on_batch(image,label)
val_loss = history[0]
val_accuracy = history[1]
pbar.set_postfix({"loss": "%.4f"%val_loss,
"accuracy":"%.4f"%val_accuracy})
pbar.update(1)
history_val_loss.append(val_loss)
history_val_accuracy.append(val_accuracy)
print('结束验证！')
print("验证loss为：%.4f"%val_loss)
print("验证准确率为：%.4f"%val_accuracy)Epoch 1/10: 0%| | 0/340 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
WARNING:tensorflow:From D:\dl\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\keras\src\utils\tf_utils.py:492: The name tf.ragged.RaggedTensorValue is deprecated. Please use tf.compat.v1.ragged.RaggedTensorValue instead. WARNING:tensorflow:From D:\dl\envs\pytorch_gpu\lib\site-packages\keras\src\engine\base_layer_utils.py:384: The name tf.executing_eagerly_outside_functions is deprecated. Please use tf.compat.v1.executing_eagerly_outside_functions instead.
Epoch 1/10: 100%|████████| 340/340 [07:49<00:00, 1.38s/it, loss=0.2673, accuracy=0.8750, lr=9.2e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 1/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:34<00:00, 2.50it/s, loss=1.0754, accuracy=0.6250]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：1.0754 验证准确率为：0.6250
Epoch 2/10: 100%|███████| 340/340 [08:24<00:00, 1.48s/it, loss=0.1021, accuracy=1.0000, lr=8.46e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 2/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:33<00:00, 2.55it/s, loss=0.1552, accuracy=0.8750]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.1552 验证准确率为：0.8750
Epoch 3/10: 100%|███████| 340/340 [08:22<00:00, 1.48s/it, loss=0.0644, accuracy=1.0000, lr=7.79e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 3/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:33<00:00, 2.51it/s, loss=0.0223, accuracy=1.0000]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.0223 验证准确率为：1.0000
Epoch 4/10: 100%|███████| 340/340 [08:21<00:00, 1.47s/it, loss=0.0004, accuracy=1.0000, lr=7.16e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 4/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:34<00:00, 2.49it/s, loss=0.0056, accuracy=1.0000]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.0056 验证准确率为：1.0000
Epoch 5/10: 100%|███████| 340/340 [08:20<00:00, 1.47s/it, loss=0.0008, accuracy=1.0000, lr=6.59e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 5/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:34<00:00, 2.49it/s, loss=0.0012, accuracy=1.0000]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.0012 验证准确率为：1.0000
Epoch 6/10: 100%|███████| 340/340 [08:27<00:00, 1.49s/it, loss=0.0003, accuracy=1.0000, lr=6.06e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 6/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:33<00:00, 2.55it/s, loss=0.0014, accuracy=1.0000]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.0014 验证准确率为：1.0000
Epoch 7/10: 100%|███████| 340/340 [08:26<00:00, 1.49s/it, loss=0.0196, accuracy=1.0000, lr=5.58e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 7/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:32<00:00, 2.58it/s, loss=0.0201, accuracy=1.0000]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.0201 验证准确率为：1.0000
Epoch 8/10: 100%|███████| 340/340 [08:28<00:00, 1.50s/it, loss=0.0000, accuracy=1.0000, lr=5.13e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 8/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:34<00:00, 2.48it/s, loss=0.0417, accuracy=1.0000]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.0417 验证准确率为：1.0000
Epoch 9/10: 100%|███████| 340/340 [08:26<00:00, 1.49s/it, loss=0.0002, accuracy=1.0000, lr=4.72e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 9/10: 100%|█████████████████████| 85/85 [00:33<00:00, 2.51it/s, loss=0.0000, accuracy=1.0000]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.0000 验证准确率为：1.0000
Epoch 10/10: 100%|██████| 340/340 [08:26<00:00, 1.49s/it, loss=0.0005, accuracy=1.0000, lr=4.34e-5]
开始验证！
Epoch 10/10: 100%|████████████████████| 85/85 [00:33<00:00, 2.56it/s, loss=0.0146, accuracy=1.0000]
结束验证！ 验证loss为：0.0146 验证准确率为：1.0000
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, history_train_accuracy, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, history_val_accuracy, label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, history_train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, history_val_loss, label='Validation Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
import numpy as np
# 采用加载的模型（new_model）来看预测结果
plt.figure(figsize=(18, 3)) # 图形的宽为18高为5
plt.suptitle("预测结果展示")
for images, labels in val_ds.take(1):
for i in range(8):
ax = plt.subplot(1,8, i + 1)
# 显示图片
plt.imshow(images[i].numpy())
# 需要给图片增加一个维度
img_array = tf.expand_dims(images[i], 0)
# 使用模型预测图片中的人物
predictions = model.predict(img_array)
plt.title(class_names[np.argmax(predictions)])
plt.axis("off")
1/1 [==============================] - 0s 226ms/step 1/1 [==============================] - 0s 82ms/step 1/1 [==============================] - 0s 91ms/step 1/1 [==============================] - 0s 102ms/step 1/1 [==============================] - 0s 77ms/step 1/1 [==============================] - 0s 141ms/step 1/1 [==============================] - 0s 132ms/step 1/1 [==============================] - 0s 72ms/step
收获： 学习了猫狗识别的相关代码 了解整个代码可能优化的地方 下周开始尝试优化模型 目前模型准确率曲线和loss曲线 未拟合
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