opencv 图像形态学操作

形态学-腐蚀操作

 留意腐蚀是黑腐蚀白色

本章用到的图(网上竟然没什么好用来学习的图！)

对应的图片名字：morphology_cv.jpg、dige.png、pie.png

腐蚀是判断区域内是否都是1，如果不是就等于0

查看图

img = cv2.imread('morphology_cv.jpg')

cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

#定义卷积核，3*3，值全为1
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

腐蚀结果

加大卷积核

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

对拼图进行腐蚀

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
erosion_1 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
erosion_2 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
erosion_3 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((erosion_1,erosion_2,erosion_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

形态学-膨胀操作(与腐蚀有点像逆运算) 

下面的膨胀效果相当于线条变粗

进行腐蚀操作，线条会受到一些损害；
希望通过膨胀来将损害的线条还原

kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_dilate = cv2.dilate(dige_erosion,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('dilate', dige_dilate)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

me:有点像图像平滑中的方框滤波
只不过腐蚀操作像是把黑色当成0，白色当成1,1与0取求和(不归一化)后成1了，于是本来黑色的地方通过卷积变成了白色
以上刚好腐蚀相反

对应饼图

pie = cv2.imread('pie.png')

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
dilate_1 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
dilate_2 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
dilate_3 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((dilate_1,dilate_2,dilate_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

 开运算与闭运算

 开运算

# 开：先腐蚀(刺变小)，再膨胀(恢复)
# 不带刺
img = cv2.imread('morphology_cv.jpg')

kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

cv2.imshow('opening', opening)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

闭运算

# 闭：先膨胀，再腐蚀
# 把刺头先扩大了，后面腐蚀不一定能够刺头腐蚀掉
# 刺更多了
img = cv2.imread('morphology_cv.jpg')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)

cv2.imshow('closing', closing)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

梯度运算 

# morphology形态学
# 梯度=膨胀-腐蚀,最后剩下轮廓
gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(pie, cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)

cv2.imshow('gradient', gradient)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

 礼帽与黑帽

- 礼帽 = 原始输入(带刺的)-开运算结果(去了刺)   结果是剩下刺的
- 黑帽 = 闭运算(比原来的图像变大了一点)-原始输入   结果剩轮廓

礼帽

#礼帽
img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('tophat', tophat)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

黑帽

#黑帽
img = cv2.imread('morphology_cv.jpg')
blackhat  = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('blackhat ', blackhat )
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()