代码随想录训练营day20 | 二叉树part06

1、654.最大二叉树

构造树一般采用的是前序遍历，因为先构造中间节点，然后递归构造左子树和右子树

class Solution {
    public TreeNode constructMaximumBinaryTree(int[] nums) {
        return constructMaximumBinaryTree1(nums, 0, nums.length);
    }

    public TreeNode constructMaximumBinaryTree1(int[] nums, int leftIndex, int rightIndex) {
        if (rightIndex - leftIndex < 1) {// 没有元素了
            return null;
        }
        if (rightIndex - leftIndex == 1) {// 只有一个元素
            return new TreeNode(nums[leftIndex]);
        }
        int maxIndex = leftIndex;// 最大值所在位置
        int maxVal = nums[maxIndex];// 最大值
        for (int i = leftIndex + 1; i < rightIndex; i++) {
            if (nums[i] > maxVal){
                maxVal = nums[i];
                maxIndex = i;
            }
        }
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(maxVal);
        // 根据maxIndex划分左右子树
        root.left = constructMaximumBinaryTree1(nums, leftIndex, maxIndex);
        root.right = constructMaximumBinaryTree1(nums, maxIndex + 1, rightIndex);
        return root;
    }
}

2、617.合并二叉树

如何同时遍历两个二叉树呢？

其实和遍历一个树逻辑是一样的，只不过传入两个树的节点，同时操作。

递归

class Solution {
    // 递归
    public TreeNode mergeTrees(TreeNode root1, TreeNode root2) {
        if (root1 == null) return root2;
        if (root2 == null) return root1;

        root1.val += root2.val;
        root1.left = mergeTrees(root1.left,root2.left);
        root1.right = mergeTrees(root1.right,root2.right);
        return root1;
    }
}

迭代

1）栈迭代

class Solution {
    // 使用栈迭代
    public TreeNode mergeTrees(TreeNode root1, TreeNode root2) {
        if (root1 == null) {
            return root2;
        }
        if (root2 == null) {
            return root1;
        }
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        stack.push(root2);
        stack.push(root1);
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            TreeNode node1 = stack.pop();
            TreeNode node2 = stack.pop();
            node1.val += node2.val;
            if (node2.right != null && node1.right != null) {
                stack.push(node2.right);
                stack.push(node1.right);
            } else {
                if (node1.right == null) {
                    node1.right = node2.right;
                }
            }
            if (node2.left != null && node1.left != null) {
                stack.push(node2.left);
                stack.push(node1.left);
            } else {
                if (node1.left == null) {
                    node1.left = node2.left;
                }
            }
        }
        return root1;
    }
}

2）队列迭代

class Solution {
    // 使用队列迭代
    public TreeNode mergeTrees(TreeNode root1, TreeNode root2) {
        if (root1 == null) return root2;
        if (root2 ==null) return root1;
        Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(root1);
        queue.offer(root2);
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            TreeNode node1 = queue.poll();
            TreeNode node2 = queue.poll();
            // 此时两个节点一定不为空，val相加
            node1.val = node1.val + node2.val;
            // 如果两棵树左节点都不为空，加入队列
            if (node1.left != null && node2.left != null) {
                queue.offer(node1.left);
                queue.offer(node2.left);
            }
            // 如果两棵树右节点都不为空，加入队列
            if (node1.right != null && node2.right != null) {
                queue.offer(node1.right);
                queue.offer(node2.right);
            }
            // 若node1的左节点为空，直接赋值
            if (node1.left == null && node2.left != null) {
                node1.left = node2.left;
            }
            // 若node1的右节点为空，直接赋值
            if (node1.right == null && node2.right != null) {
                node1.right = node2.right;
            }
        }
        return root1;
    }
}

3、700.二叉搜索树中的搜索

递归，普通二叉树

class Solution {
    // 递归，普通二叉树
    public TreeNode searchBST(TreeNode root, int val) {
        if (root == null || root.val == val) {
            return root;
        }
        TreeNode left = searchBST(root.left, val);
        if (left != null) {
            return left;
        }
        return searchBST(root.right, val);
    }
}

递归，利用二叉搜索树特点优化

class Solution {
    // 递归，利用二叉搜索树特点，优化
    public TreeNode searchBST(TreeNode root, int val) {
        if (root == null || root.val == val) {
            return root;
        }
        if (val < root.val) {
            return searchBST(root.left, val);
        } else {
            return searchBST(root.right, val);
        }
    }
}

迭代，普通二叉树

class Solution {
    // 迭代，普通二叉树
    public TreeNode searchBST(TreeNode root, int val) {
        if (root == null || root.val == val) {
            return root;
        }
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        stack.push(root);
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            TreeNode pop = stack.pop();
            if (pop.val == val) {
                return pop;
            }
            if (pop.right != null) {
                stack.push(pop.right);
            }
            if (pop.left != null) {
                stack.push(pop.left);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

迭代，利用二叉搜索树特点，优化，可以不需要栈

class Solution {
    // 迭代，利用二叉搜索树特点，优化，可以不需要栈
    public TreeNode searchBST(TreeNode root, int val) {
        while (root != null)
            if (val < root.val) root = root.left;
            else if (val > root.val) root = root.right;
            else return root;
        return null;
    }
}

4、98.验证二叉搜索树

统一迭代法

//使用統一迭代法
class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode pre = null;
        if(root != null)
            stack.add(root);        
        while(!stack.isEmpty()){
            TreeNode curr = stack.peek();
            if(curr != null){
                stack.pop();
                if(curr.right != null)
                    stack.add(curr.right);
                stack.add(curr);
                stack.add(null);
                if(curr.left != null)
                    stack.add(curr.left);
            }else{
                stack.pop();
                TreeNode temp = stack.pop();
                if(pre != null && pre.val >= temp.val)
                    return false;
                pre = temp;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

递归

class Solution {
    // 递归
    TreeNode max;
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        // 左
        boolean left = isValidBST(root.left);
        if (!left) {
            return false;
        }
        // 中
        if (max != null && root.val <= max.val) {
            return false;
        }
        max = root;
        // 右
        boolean right = isValidBST(root.right);
        return right;
    }
}

迭代

class Solution {
    // 迭代
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode pre = null;
        while (root != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
            while (root != null) {
                stack.push(root);
                root = root.left;// 左
            }
            // 中，处理
            TreeNode pop = stack.pop();
            if (pre != null && pop.val <= pre.val) {
                return false;
            }
            pre = pop;

            root = pop.right;// 右
        }
        return true;
    }
}

简洁递归

// 简洁实现·递归解法
class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        return validBST(Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, root);
    }
    boolean validBST(long lower, long upper, TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) return true;
        if (root.val <= lower || root.val >= upper) return false;
        return validBST(lower, root.val, root.left) && validBST(root.val, upper, root.right);
    }
}

简洁中序遍历

// 简洁实现·中序遍历
class Solution {
    private long prev = Long.MIN_VALUE;
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!isValidBST(root.left)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (root.val <= prev) { // 不满足二叉搜索树条件
            return false;
        }
        prev = root.val;
        return isValidBST(root.right);
    }
}