傅立叶(Fourier)级数-实数形式-t^2-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51133173/article/details/137698030

题目

$\boldsymbol{f(t)=t^2, (-\pi<t<\pi)}$

$\boldsymbol{f_T(t)=\frac{a_0}{2}+\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty [a_ncos(n\omega{t})+b_nsin(n\omega{t})], \omega=\frac{2\pi}{T}}$

f(t)是偶函数

$\boldsymbol{a_n=\frac{4}{T}\int_0^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(t)cos(n\omega{t}) dt, b_n=0}$

$\boldsymbol{T=2\pi,\omega=1}$

$\boldsymbol{a_n=\frac{4}{2\pi}\int_0^{\pi}t^2cos(nt) dt}$

当n=0

$\boldsymbol{a_0=\frac{4}{2\pi}\int_0^{\pi}t^2 dt=\frac{2}{\pi}\frac{t^3}{3}\mid_0^{\pi}=\frac{2\pi^2}{3}}$

当n=1,2,3,...

分部积分法：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/41545813

$\boldsymbol{a_n=\frac{4}{2\pi}\int_0^{\pi}t^2cos(nt) dt}$

$\boldsymbol{...=\frac{2}{\pi}\int_0^{\pi}t^2cos(nt) dt}$

$\boldsymbol{...=\frac{2}{\pi}\frac{1}{n}\int_0^{\pi}t^2 d(sin(nt))}$

$\boldsymbol{...=\frac{2}{n\pi}[t^2sin(nt)\mid_0^{\pi}-\int_0^{\pi}sin(nt) d(t^2)]}$

$\boldsymbol{...=\frac{2}{n\pi}[0-2\int_0^{\pi}tsin(nt) dt]}$

$\boldsymbol{...=-\frac{4}{n\pi}\int_0^{\pi}tsin(nt) dt}$

$\boldsymbol{...=-\frac{4}{n\pi}(-\frac{1}{n})\int_0^{\pi}t d(cos(nt))}$

$\boldsymbol{...=\frac{4}{n^2\pi}[tcos(nt)\mid_0^{\pi}-\int_0^{\pi}cos(nt) dt]}$

$\boldsymbol{...=\frac{4}{n^2\pi}[(-1)^n\pi-\frac{1}{n}sin(nt)\mid_0^{\pi} ]}$

$\boldsymbol{...=\frac{4}{n^2}(-1)^n}$

$\boldsymbol{f(t)=\frac{a_0}{2}+\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_ncos(nt)}$

$\boldsymbol{......=\frac{\pi^2}{3}+\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty (-1)^n\frac{4}{n^2}cos(nt)}$

当n最大=1

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

_, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
plt.xlim(-3.5,3.5)
plt.ylim(-1,10)

start,end = -np.pi,np.pi
points = 300
t = np.linspace(start,end,points)
f_t = t**2
plt.scatter(t,f_t,marker='.',s=1,c='b')

series_num = 1
f = lambda x: sum([(-1)**n*4*np.cos(n*x)/(n**2) for n in range(1,series_num+1)])
f_0 = np.pi**2/3
s_t = [f_0+f(i) for i in t]

plt.scatter(t,s_t,marker='.',s=1,c='r')
plt.legend(['f',f'fourier series_{series_num} of f'])
plt.savefig('f.jpg')

结果如下