闲来无事，写个数据库吧（2）

项目地址  How Does a Database Work? | Let’s Build a Simple Database

我们要写个sqlite,须知sqlite的“前端”是一个SQL编译器，它解析字符串并输出称为字节码的内部表示形式。

经历了前端后，在传输到虚拟机并到后端。

这样将分成两个步骤有几个优点：

• 降低每个部分的复杂性（例如，虚拟机不担心语法错误）
• 允许编译一次常见查询并缓存字节码以提高性能。

我们已经有了第一节课的空框架了，接下来我们要完成识别insert、select的功能

首先，我们要怎么判断输入的是不是合法命令？

合法命令有两种，一种是sql命令，另一种是元命令(比如.exit)。我们判断两种命令的依据是输入的第一个字符是否为'.'。

我们现在要加两个关键字select 和insert。在这里，我们先假设输入select就能输出所有内容，而insert后面得再输入数据(先不管它是什么)。所以这里我们用strcmp函数及strncmp函数判断输入。判断以后生成对应状态，然后再根据状态输出”insert“、”select“。

这里给大家一点点思考的时间，如果是你，你会怎么设计？

---

我们定义Statement表示状态，StatementType表示状态类型

typedef enum { STATEMENT_INSERT, STATEMENT_SELECT } StatementType;

typedef struct {
  StatementType type;
} Statement;

我们用MetaCommandResult判断是否为元命令，用PrepareResult判断是否为sql命令

typedef enum {
  META_COMMAND_SUCCESS,
  META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND
} MetaCommandResult;

typedef enum { PREPARE_SUCCESS, PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT } PrepareResult;

之前的判断.exit太占main函数了，我们将其变成函数调用

MetaCommandResult do_meta_command(InputBuffer* input_buffer) {
  if (strcmp(input_buffer->buffer, ".exit") == 0) {
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  } else {
    return META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND;
  }
}

预处理select、insert函数识别

PrepareResult prepare_statement(InputBuffer* input_buffer,
                                Statement* statement) {
  if (strncmp(input_buffer->buffer, "insert", 6) == 0) {
    statement->type = STATEMENT_INSERT;
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
  }
  if (strcmp(input_buffer->buffer, "select") == 0) {
    statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
  }

  return PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT;
}

最后用switch把状态输出

void execute_statement(Statement* statement) {
  switch (statement->type) {
    case (STATEMENT_INSERT):
      printf("This is where we would do an insert.\n");
      break;
    case (STATEMENT_SELECT):
      printf("This is where we would do a select.\n");
      break;
  }
}

main函数改改,先判断命令类型，再判断预处理类型，如果正确最后再执行命令。

if (input_buffer->buffer[0] == '.') {
      switch (do_meta_command(input_buffer)) {
        case (META_COMMAND_SUCCESS):
          continue;
        case (META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND):
          printf("Unrecognized command '%s'\n", input_buffer->buffer);
          continue;
      }
     }

    Statement statement;
    switch (prepare_statement(input_buffer, &statement)) {
      case (PREPARE_SUCCESS):
        break;
      case (PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT):
        printf("Unrecognized keyword at start of '%s'.\n",
               input_buffer->buffer);
        continue;
    }

    execute_statement(&statement);
    printf("Executed.\n");

最后代码长这样

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef enum {
  META_COMMAND_SUCCESS,
  META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND
} MetaCommandResult;

typedef enum { 
 PREPARE_SUCCESS,
 PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT
} PrepareResult;

typedef enum { 
STATEMENT_INSERT, 
STATEMENT_SELECT
} StatementType;

typedef struct {
  StatementType type;
} Statement;

typedef struct {
  char* buffer;
  size_t buffer_length;
  ssize_t input_length;
} InputBuffer;

InputBuffer* new_input_buffer() {
  InputBuffer* input_buffer = malloc(sizeof(InputBuffer));
  input_buffer->buffer = NULL;
  input_buffer->buffer_length = 0;
  input_buffer->input_length = 0;

  return input_buffer;
}

PrepareResult prepare_statement(InputBuffer* input_buffer,
                                Statement* statement) {
  if (strncmp(input_buffer->buffer, "insert", 6) == 0) {
    statement->type = STATEMENT_INSERT;
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
  }
  if (strcmp(input_buffer->buffer, "select") == 0) {
    statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
  }

  return PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT;
}

void execute_statement(Statement* statement) {
  switch (statement->type) {
    case (STATEMENT_INSERT):
      printf("This is where we would do an insert.\n");
      break;
    case (STATEMENT_SELECT):
      printf("This is where we would do a select.\n");
      break;
  }
}

void print_prompt() { printf("sqlite>"); }

void read_input(InputBuffer* input_buffer) {
  ssize_t bytes_read =
      getline(&(input_buffer->buffer), &(input_buffer->buffer_length), stdin);

  if (bytes_read <= 0) {
    printf("Error reading input\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  // Ignore trailing newline
  input_buffer->input_length = bytes_read - 1;
  input_buffer->buffer[bytes_read - 1] = 0;
}

void close_input_buffer(InputBuffer* input_buffer) {
    free(input_buffer->buffer);
    free(input_buffer);
}

MetaCommandResult do_meta_command(InputBuffer* input_buffer) {
  if (strcmp(input_buffer->buffer, ".exit") == 0) {
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  } else {
    return META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND;
  }
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  InputBuffer* input_buffer = new_input_buffer();
  while (true) {
    print_prompt();
    read_input(input_buffer);
    if (input_buffer->buffer[0] == '.') {
      switch (do_meta_command(input_buffer)) {
        case (META_COMMAND_SUCCESS):
          continue;
        case (META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND):
          printf("Unrecognized command '%s'\n", input_buffer->buffer);
          continue;
      }
     }

    Statement statement;
    switch (prepare_statement(input_buffer, &statement)) {      
	case (PREPARE_SUCCESS):
        break;
      case (PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT):
        printf("Unrecognized keyword at start of '%s'.\n",
               input_buffer->buffer);
        continue;
    }

    execute_statement(&statement);
    printf("Executed.\n");
    
  }
}