闲来无事,写个数据库吧(4)

项目地址 How Does a Database Work? | Let’s Build a Simple Database (cstack.github.io)

我们已经实现了insert、select,是时候补上delete、update了。

先说delete。我的设想是输入三个元素,与存储的内容相比较,相同就删除。

那么我们怎么修改代码呢?我的思路是:先从预处理开始,再修改定义,接着改调用,最后写实现。

我们先进行预处理,输入的buffer中能识别delete

PrepareResult prepare_statement(InputBuffer* input_buffer,Statement* statement) {
  if (strncmp(input_buffer->buffer, "insert",6) == 0) {
    statement->type = STATEMENT_INSERT;
    int args_assigned = sscanf(
        input_buffer->buffer, "insert %d %s %s", &(statement->row_to_insert.id),statement->row_to_insert.username, statement->row_to_insert.email);
    if (args_assigned != 3) {
      return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
  }
   else if (strncmp(input_buffer->buffer, "select",6) == 0){
    if (strcmp(input_buffer->buffer, "select") == 0) {
  	    statement->row_to_select=ALL;
  	    statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
      }
  	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select id")==0)   {
  		statement->row_to_select=ID;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	  }
	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select username")==0){
  		statement->row_to_select=USERNAME;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	  }
	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select email")==0){
  		statement->row_to_select=EMAIL;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	}  
	else return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
  }
   else if(strncmp(input_buffer->buffer,"delete",6)==0){
   	    statement->type = STATEMENT_DELETE;
   	    int args_assigned = sscanf( input_buffer->buffer, 
"delete %d %s %s", &(statement->row_to_delete.id),
statement->row_to_delete.username, statement->row_to_delete.email);
    if (args_assigned != 3) {
      return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
   }
   
   else return  PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT;
}

然后修改StatementType

typedef enum { 
STATEMENT_INSERT, 
STATEMENT_SELECT,
STATEMENT_DELETE
} StatementType;

接着修改execute_statement

ExecuteResult execute_statement(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
   switch (statement->type) {
     case (STATEMENT_INSERT):

      return execute_insert(statement, table);
     case (STATEMENT_SELECT):

      return execute_select(statement, table);
     case (STATEMENT_DELETE):
     
	  return execute_delete(statement, table);  
    }
 
}

在添加row_to_delete到statement中

typedef struct {
  StatementType type;
  Row row_to_insert;
  SelectResult row_to_select; 
  Row row_to_delete;
}Statement;

添加execute_delete核心函数

ExecuteResult execute_delete(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
	Row row;
	bool flag=false; 
	Row* row_to_delete = &(statement->row_to_delete);
	uint32_t j;
	for(uint32_t i=0;i<table->num_rows;i++){
		deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
		if(statement->row_to_delete.id==row.id && strcmp(statement->row_to_delete.username,row.username )==0&&strcmp(statement->row_to_delete.email,row.email)==0)
		{   flag=true;
			j=i;
			break;
	    }
    }
	for(uint32_t i=j+1;i<table->num_rows;i++){
	    deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);   
	    serialize_row(&row,row_slot(table,i-1));
	
	} 
    table->num_rows -= 1;
	if(flag==true)
	return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
	else return EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND;
}

这里我们添加了EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND成员,得补上

typedef enum { 
 EXECUTE_SUCCESS,
 EXECUTE_TABLE_FULL,
 EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND
} ExecuteResult;

main函数中得处理这个case

switch (execute_statement(&statement, table)) {
      case (EXECUTE_SUCCESS):
       printf("Executed.\n");
        break;
      case (EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND):
	    printf("Error: Not found.\n");
		break;   
      case (EXECUTE_TABLE_FULL):
       printf("Error: Table full.\n");
        break;
}

好了,完成了,是不是很简单? 那我们乘胜追击,再完成update功能!我的设想是输入update后有6个参数,前三个是旧参数,后三个是新参数。有了想法后,就很容易了。

先预处理

PrepareResult prepare_statement(InputBuffer* input_buffer,Statement* statement) {
  if (strncmp(input_buffer->buffer, "insert",6) == 0) {
    statement->type = STATEMENT_INSERT;
    int args_assigned = sscanf(
        input_buffer->buffer, "insert %d %s %s", &(statement->row_to_insert.id),statement->row_to_insert.username, statement->row_to_insert.email);
    if (args_assigned != 3) {
      return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
  }
   else if (strncmp(input_buffer->buffer, "select",6) == 0){
    if (strcmp(input_buffer->buffer, "select") == 0) {
  	    statement->row_to_select=ALL;
  	    statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
      }
  	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select id")==0)   {
  		statement->row_to_select=ID;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	  }
	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select username")==0){
  		statement->row_to_select=USERNAME;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	  }
	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select email")==0){
  		statement->row_to_select=EMAIL;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	}  
	else return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
  }
   else if(strncmp(input_buffer->buffer,"delete",6)==0){
   	    statement->type = STATEMENT_DELETE;
   	    int args_assigned = sscanf(
		   input_buffer->buffer, "delete %d %s %s", &(statement->row_to_delete.id),statement->row_to_delete.username, statement->row_to_delete.email);
    if (args_assigned != 3) {
      return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
   }
   if(strncmp(input_buffer->buffer,"update",6)==0){
   	    int args=sscanf(input_buffer->buffer,"update %d %s %s %d %s %s ",&(statement->row_to_update_old.id),statement->row_to_update_old.username,
statement->row_to_update_old.email,&(statement->row_to_update_new.id),statement->row_to_update_new.username,statement->row_to_update_new.email);
   	    
    if (args!=6){
    return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    statement->type = STATEMENT_UPDATE;
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
}
   else return  PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT;
}

然后修改StatementType

typedef enum { 
STATEMENT_INSERT, 
STATEMENT_SELECT,
STATEMENT_DELETE,
STATEMENT_UPDATE
} StatementType;

接着修改调用

ExecuteResult execute_statement(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
   switch (statement->type) {
     case (STATEMENT_INSERT):

      return execute_insert(statement, table);
     case (STATEMENT_SELECT):

      return execute_select(statement, table);
     case (STATEMENT_DELETE):
     
	  return execute_delete(statement, table);  
	  case (STATEMENT_UPDATE):
     
	  return execute_update(statement, table);
	 }
 
}

添加row_to_update_old,row_to_update_new两个参数到Statement中

typedef struct {
  StatementType type;
  Row row_to_insert;
  SelectResult row_to_select; 
  Row row_to_delete;
  Row row_to_update_old;
  Row row_to_update_new;
}Statement;

最后,添加核心函数execute_update。

ExecuteResult execute_update(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
    Row row;
    bool flag=false; 
    for(uint32_t i=0;i<table->num_rows;i++){
		deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
		if(statement->row_to_update_old.id==row.id && strcmp(statement->row_to_update_old.username,row.username )==0&&strcmp(statement->row_to_update_old.email,row.email)==0)
		{ flag=true;
		   row.id=statement->row_to_update_new.id;
		   strcpy(row.username,statement->row_to_update_new.username);	
           strcpy(row.email,statement->row_to_update_new.email);
        }
        serialize_row(&row,row_slot(table,i));
    }
    if(flag==false){
    	return EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND;
	}
    return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
}

完成!这里给出目前的全部代码:

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#define COLUMN_USERNAME_SIZE 32
#define COLUMN_EMAIL_SIZE 255
#define size_of_attribute(Struct, Attribute) sizeof(((Struct*)0)->Attribute)
#define TABLE_MAX_PAGES 100


typedef struct {
  uint32_t num_rows;
  void* pages[TABLE_MAX_PAGES];
} Table;

typedef struct {
  uint32_t id;
  char username[COLUMN_USERNAME_SIZE];
  char email[COLUMN_EMAIL_SIZE];
} Row;


typedef struct{
char* buffer;
size_t buffer_length;
ssize_t input_length;
}InputBuffer;

typedef enum {
  META_COMMAND_SUCCESS,
  META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND
} MetaCommandResult;

typedef enum { 
PREPARE_SUCCESS, 
PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR,
PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT
 } PrepareResult;

typedef enum { EXECUTE_SUCCESS,
 EXECUTE_TABLE_FULL ,
 EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND
 } ExecuteResult;


typedef enum { 
STATEMENT_INSERT, 
STATEMENT_SELECT,
STATEMENT_DELETE,
STATEMENT_UPDATE
} StatementType;

typedef enum {
ID,	
USERNAME,
EMAIL,
ALL	
} SelectResult;

typedef struct {
  StatementType type;
  Row row_to_insert;
  SelectResult row_to_select; 
  Row row_to_delete;
  Row row_to_update_old;
  Row row_to_update_new;
}Statement;

const uint32_t ID_OFFSET = 0;
const uint32_t PAGE_SIZE = 4096;
const uint32_t ID_SIZE = size_of_attribute(Row, id);
const uint32_t USERNAME_SIZE = size_of_attribute(Row, username);
const uint32_t EMAIL_SIZE = size_of_attribute(Row, email);
const uint32_t USERNAME_OFFSET = ID_OFFSET + ID_SIZE;
const uint32_t EMAIL_OFFSET = USERNAME_OFFSET + USERNAME_SIZE;
const uint32_t ROW_SIZE = ID_SIZE + USERNAME_SIZE + EMAIL_SIZE;
const uint32_t ROWS_PER_PAGE = PAGE_SIZE / ROW_SIZE;
const uint32_t TABLE_MAX_ROWS = ROWS_PER_PAGE * TABLE_MAX_PAGES;

void free_table(Table* table) ;
void close_input_buffer(InputBuffer* input_buffer);

MetaCommandResult do_meta_command(InputBuffer* input_buffer,Table* table) {
  if (strcmp(input_buffer->buffer, ".exit") == 0) {
  	close_input_buffer(input_buffer);
	free_table(table);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
  } else {
    return META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND;
  }
}

InputBuffer* new_input_buffer(){
InputBuffer* input_buffer=(InputBuffer*)malloc(sizeof(InputBuffer));
input_buffer->buffer=NULL;
input_buffer->buffer_length=0;
input_buffer->input_length=0;
return input_buffer;
}


void* row_slot(Table* table, uint32_t row_num) {
  uint32_t page_num = row_num / ROWS_PER_PAGE;
  void* page = table->pages[page_num];
  if (page == NULL) {
    // Allocate memory only when we try to access page
    page = table->pages[page_num] = malloc(PAGE_SIZE);
  }
  uint32_t row_offset = row_num % ROWS_PER_PAGE;
  uint32_t byte_offset = row_offset * ROW_SIZE;
  return page + byte_offset;
  }

void serialize_row(Row* source, void* destination) {
  memcpy(destination + ID_OFFSET, &(source->id), ID_SIZE);
  memcpy(destination + USERNAME_OFFSET, &(source->username), USERNAME_SIZE);
  memcpy(destination + EMAIL_OFFSET, &(source->email), EMAIL_SIZE);
}

void deserialize_row(void* source, Row* destination) {
  memcpy(&(destination->id), source + ID_OFFSET, ID_SIZE);
  memcpy(&(destination->username), source + USERNAME_OFFSET, USERNAME_SIZE);
  memcpy(&(destination->email), source + EMAIL_OFFSET, EMAIL_SIZE);
}

PrepareResult prepare_statement(InputBuffer* input_buffer,Statement* statement) {
  if (strncmp(input_buffer->buffer, "insert",6) == 0) {
    statement->type = STATEMENT_INSERT;
    int args_assigned = sscanf(
        input_buffer->buffer, "insert %d %s %s", &(statement->row_to_insert.id),statement->row_to_insert.username, statement->row_to_insert.email);
    if (args_assigned != 3) {
      return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
  }
   else if (strncmp(input_buffer->buffer, "select",6) == 0){
    if (strcmp(input_buffer->buffer, "select") == 0) {
  	    statement->row_to_select=ALL;
  	    statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
      }
  	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select id")==0)   {
  		statement->row_to_select=ID;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	  }
	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select username")==0){
  		statement->row_to_select=USERNAME;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	  }
	else if(strcmp(input_buffer->buffer,"select email")==0){
  		statement->row_to_select=EMAIL;
  		statement->type = STATEMENT_SELECT;
        return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
	}  
	else return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
  }
   else if(strncmp(input_buffer->buffer,"delete",6)==0){
   	    statement->type = STATEMENT_DELETE;
   	    int args_assigned = sscanf(
		   input_buffer->buffer, "delete %d %s %s", &(statement->row_to_delete.id),statement->row_to_delete.username, statement->row_to_delete.email);
    if (args_assigned != 3) {
      return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
   }
   if(strncmp(input_buffer->buffer,"update",6)==0){
   	    int args=sscanf(input_buffer->buffer,"update %d %s %s %d %s %s ",&(statement->row_to_update_old.id),statement->row_to_update_old.username,
statement->row_to_update_old.email,&(statement->row_to_update_new.id),statement->row_to_update_new.username,statement->row_to_update_new.email);
   	    
    if (args!=6){
    return PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
    statement->type = STATEMENT_UPDATE;
    return PREPARE_SUCCESS;
}
   else return  PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT;
}


ExecuteResult execute_insert(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
  if (table->num_rows >= TABLE_MAX_ROWS) {
    return EXECUTE_TABLE_FULL;
  }

  Row* row_to_insert = &(statement->row_to_insert);

  serialize_row(row_to_insert, row_slot(table, table->num_rows));
  table->num_rows += 1;

  return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
}

ExecuteResult execute_select(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
  Row row;
  if(statement->row_to_select==ID){
  
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < table->num_rows; i++) {
    deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
    printf("(%d)\n", row.id);
  }
} 
  if(statement->row_to_select==USERNAME){
  
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < table->num_rows; i++) {
    deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
    printf("(%s)\n", row.username);
  }
 
} 
  if(statement->row_to_select==EMAIL){
  
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < table->num_rows; i++) {
    deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
    printf("(%s)\n", row.email);
  }
 
} 
  if(statement->row_to_select==ALL){
  
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < table->num_rows; i++) {
    deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
    printf("(%d, %s, %s)\n", row.id, row.username, row.email);
  }
  
}
  return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
}

ExecuteResult execute_delete(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
	Row row;
	bool flag=false; 
	Row* row_to_delete = &(statement->row_to_delete);
	uint32_t j;
	for(uint32_t i=0;i<table->num_rows;i++){
		deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
		if(statement->row_to_delete.id==row.id && strcmp(statement->row_to_delete.username,row.username )==0&&strcmp(statement->row_to_delete.email,row.email)==0)
		{   flag=true;
			j=i;
			break;
	    }
    }
	for(uint32_t i=j+1;i<table->num_rows;i++){
	    deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);   
	    serialize_row(&row,row_slot(table,i-1));
	
	}
	
	table->num_rows -= 1;
	if(flag==true)
	return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
	else return EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND;
}

ExecuteResult execute_update(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
    Row row;
    bool flag=false; 
    for(uint32_t i=0;i<table->num_rows;i++){
		deserialize_row(row_slot(table, i), &row);
		if(statement->row_to_update_old.id==row.id && strcmp(statement->row_to_update_old.username,row.username )==0&&strcmp(statement->row_to_update_old.email,row.email)==0)
		{ flag=true;
		   row.id=statement->row_to_update_new.id;
		   strcpy(row.username,statement->row_to_update_new.username);	
           strcpy(row.email,statement->row_to_update_new.email);
        }
        serialize_row(&row,row_slot(table,i));
    }
    if(flag==false){
    	return EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND;
	}
    return EXECUTE_SUCCESS;
}

ExecuteResult execute_statement(Statement* statement, Table* table) {
   switch (statement->type) {
     case (STATEMENT_INSERT):

      return execute_insert(statement, table);
     case (STATEMENT_SELECT):

      return execute_select(statement, table);
     case (STATEMENT_DELETE):
     
	  return execute_delete(statement, table);  
	  case (STATEMENT_UPDATE):
     
	  return execute_update(statement, table);
	 }
 
}


Table* new_table() {
  Table* table = (Table*)malloc(sizeof(Table));
  table->num_rows = 0;
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < TABLE_MAX_PAGES; i++) {
     table->pages[i] = NULL;
  }
  return table;
}

void free_table(Table* table) {
    for (int i = 0; table->pages[i]; i++) {
	free(table->pages[i]);
    }
    free(table);
}

void print_prompt() { printf("sqlite> "); }

void read_input(InputBuffer* input_buffer){

ssize_t bytes_read=getline(&(input_buffer->buffer), &(input_buffer->buffer_length), stdin);
 
if(bytes_read<=0){
printf("Error: Wrong reading input.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
input_buffer->input_length=bytes_read-1;
input_buffer->buffer[bytes_read -1 ]=0;
}

void close_input_buffer(InputBuffer* input_buffer){
free(input_buffer->buffer);
free(input_buffer);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {


	Table* table=new_table(); 
   InputBuffer* input_buffer = new_input_buffer();
   while (true) {
     print_prompt();
     read_input(input_buffer);

    if (input_buffer->buffer[0] == '.') {
      switch (do_meta_command(input_buffer,table)) {
        case (META_COMMAND_SUCCESS):
          continue;
        case (META_COMMAND_UNRECOGNIZED_COMMAND):
          printf("Error: Unrecognized command '%s'.\n", input_buffer->buffer);
          continue;
      }
     }

    Statement statement;
    switch (prepare_statement(input_buffer, &statement)) {
      case (PREPARE_SUCCESS):
        break;
      case (PREPARE_SYNTAX_ERROR):
      	printf("Error: Syntax error.\n");
		  continue; 
      case (PREPARE_UNRECOGNIZED_STATEMENT):
        printf("Error: Unrecognized keyword at start of '%s'.\n",input_buffer->buffer);
        continue;
    }

   
       switch (execute_statement(&statement, table)) {
      case (EXECUTE_SUCCESS):
       printf("Executed.\n");
        break;
      case (EXECUTE_NOT_FOUND):
	    printf("Error: Not found.\n");
		break;   
      case (EXECUTE_TABLE_FULL):
       printf("Error: Table full.\n");
        break;
      }
   
 }
}

这是虚拟机里运行情况

以上就是所有内容了,我们已经实现了增删改查四个基础功能,它项目里都没有这么多功能,感觉有收获的可以点个赞哦!

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