Javaweb学习笔记(二)
观看狂神学java javaweb入门到实战学习笔记!
6. Servlet
目录
6.1 什么是Servlet
Servlet(Server Applet)是Java Servlet的简称,称为小服务程序或服务连接器,用Java编写的服务器端程序,具有独立于平台和协议的特性,主要功能在于交互式地浏览和生成数据,生成动态Web内容。
狭义的Servlet是指Java语言实现的一个接口,广义的Servlet是指任何实现了这个Servlet接口的类,一般情况下,人们将Servlet理解为后者。Servlet运行于支持Java的应用服务器中。从原理上讲,Servlet可以响应任何类型的请求,但绝大多数情况下Servlet只用来扩展基于HTTP协议的Web服务器。
最早支持Servlet标准的是JavaSoft的Java [Web Server](https://baike.baidu.com/item/Web Server/9306055),此后,一些其它的基于Java的Web服务器开始支持标准的Servlet。
Sun在API中提供一个接口叫做:Servlet,开发一个Servlet程序需要完成两个小步骤:
- 编写一个类,实现servlet接口;
- 把开发好的Java类部署到web服务器上。
6.2 你好Servlet
Serlvet接口Sun公司有两个默认的实现类:HttpServlet,GenericServlet
- 构建一个普通的Maven项目,删掉里面的src目录,在这个项目里面建立Moudel(模块),这个空的工程就是Maven主工程;
- 在Maven父子工程中
-
父项目的pom.xml中自动生成
<modules> <module>servlet-01</module> </modules>
-
子项目中自动生成Parent
<parent> <artifactId>javaweb-02-maven</artifactId> <groupId>com.liang</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent>
父项目中的java,子项目可以直接使用
son extends father
-
Maven环境优化
-
修改web.xml为最新(去tomca文件夹下的webapps下去取);
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0" metadata-complete="true"> </web-app>
-
将maven结构搭建完整,,main下建java文件夹,resources文件夹
-
-
写一个servlet程序
- 编写一个普通类
- 实现Servlet接口,这里我们直接继承**HttpServlet **
/**
* @author 86178
*/
public class Helloservlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* 因为Get和Post只是请求实现的方式不同,业务逻辑相同,可以相互调用
*/
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//自动补全返回值,ctrl+alt+v
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
writer.println("Hello,Mylove!");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
- 编写Servlet的映射
Java程序,需要通过浏览器访问,而浏览器需要连接web服务器,所以我们需要在web服务中注册我们写的Servlet,还需要给它一个浏览器能够访问的路径;
<!--注册Servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.Helloservlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--Servlet的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- 配置Tomcat
- 启动,测试
6.3 Servlet原理
6.4 Mapping问题
-
一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello4</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello5</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
默认请求路径
<!--默认请求路径--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
指定一些后缀或者前缀等等….
<!--可以自定义后缀实现请求映射 注意点,*前面不能加项目映射的路径 hello/sajdlkajda.qinjiang --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.cxd</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
优先级问题
指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高,如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求;
<!--404--> <servlet> <servlet-name>error</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.Errorservlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>error</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
6.5 ServletContext对象
一个web容器启动时,会为创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表了当前web应用;
1、共享数据
我们在一个Servlet中通过servlerContext对象保存(set)的数据,可以在另一个servlet通过servlerContext对象get到
- 设置值
/**
* 测试servletcontext
* @author 86178
*/
public class HelloSerlvetContext extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//this.getInitParameter(); 获取初始化参数
//this.getServletConfig(); 获取Servlet配置
//this.getServletContext(); 获取Servlet上下文
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String username = "洪哥";
//将一个数据保存到了ServletContext中
servletContext.setAttribute("username",username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}
- 读取值
/**
* @author 86178
*/
public class GetServletContext extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String username = (String)servletContext.getAttribute("username");
resp.setContentType("text/html");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.getWriter().println("名字:" + username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
- web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<!--注册Servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.HelloSerlvetContext</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--Servlet的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--响应-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>getname</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.GetServletContext</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>getname</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/getname</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
- 测试结果
-
要先设置名字,才能在getname中显示出来
-
要先在上一步设置,不然显示结果为Null
2、获取初始化参数
-
web.xml中
<!--配置一些web应用初始化参数--> <context-param> <param-name>url</param-name> <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value> </context-param> <!--响应--> <servlet> <servlet-name>geturl</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.TestServletDemon01</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>geturl</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/geturl</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
获取
/** * @author 86178 */ public class TestServletDemon01 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { ServletContext context = this.getServletContext(); String url = context.getInitParameter("url"); resp.getWriter().print(url); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
3、请求转发
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//转发的请求路径
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/getname");
//调用forward实现请求转发
requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
//合并写 context.getRequestDispatcher("/getname").forward(req,resp);
}
```xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>change</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.TestServletDemon02</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>change</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/change</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4、读取资源文件
Properties
- 在java目录下新建properties
- 在resources目录下新建properties
发现:都被打包到了同一个路径下:classes,我们俗称这个路径为classpath:
-
文件 db.properties
username = admin password = 123456
-
读取
/** * @author 86178 */ public class TestServletDemon03 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { InputStream inputStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties"); Properties prop = new Properties(); prop.load(inputStream); String user = prop.getProperty("username"); String pwd = prop.getProperty("password"); resp.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
效果:
//路径一定要写对
InputStream inputStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/liang/servlet/ab.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(inputStream);
String user = prop.getProperty("user");
String pwd = prop.getProperty("paw");
resp.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd);
6.6 HttpServletResponse
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse;
如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse
1. 简单分类
-
负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException; PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
-
负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1); void setContentLength(int var1); void setContentLengthLong(long var1); void setContentType(String var1); void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2); void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2); void setHeader(String var1, String var2); void addHeader(String var1, String var2); void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2); void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
-
响应的转态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100; int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101; int SC_OK = 200; int SC_CREATED = 201; int SC_ACCEPTED = 202; int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203; int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204; int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205; int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206; int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300; int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301; int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302; int SC_FOUND = 302; int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303; int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304; int SC_USE_PROXY = 305; int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307; int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400; int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401; int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402; int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403; int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404; int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405; int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406; int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407; int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408; int SC_CONFLICT = 409; int SC_GONE = 410; int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411; int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412; int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413; int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414; int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415; int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416; int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417; int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500; int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501; int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502; int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503; int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504; int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
2. 下载文件
- 向浏览器输出消息
- 下载文件
- 要获取下载文件的路径
- 下载的文件名是啥?
- 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
- 获取下载文件的输入流
- 创建缓冲区
- 获取OutputStream对象
- 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
- 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
/**
* @author 86178
*/
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 要获取下载文件的路径
String path = "D:\\IDEA2020\\javacode\\javaweb-02-maven\\response\\src\\main\\resources\\洪哥.png";
//2. 下载的文件名
String fileName = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
//3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码,否则有可能乱码
//attachment:只显示不下载,attachment;直接下载
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
//4. 获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(path);
//5. 创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
//6. 获取OutputStream对象
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
while ((len=in.read(b))>0){
out.write(b,0,len);
}
//关闭数据流
in.close();
out.close();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
3、验证码功能
- 前端实现
- 后端实现,需要用到Java的图片类,生产一个图片
package com.liang.servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* @author 86178
*/
public class ImagineServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//让前端三秒刷新一次
resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
//内存中创建,获得一张图片
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//得到一支笔在图片上作图
Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();
//设置颜色
graphics.setColor(Color.white);
//填充
graphics.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
//给图片写数据
graphics.setColor(Color.red);
graphics.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
graphics.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
//告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
//网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
//把图片写给浏览器
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg", resp.getOutputStream());
}
//生成随机数
private String makeNum(){
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length() ; i++) {
sb.append("0");
}
num = sb.toString() + num;
return num;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>imagine</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.ImagineServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>imagine</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/imagine</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4、实现重定向
B一个web资源收到客户端A请求后,B他会通知A客户端去访问另外一个web资源C,这个过程叫重定向
常用于登录页面!
方法:
void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
测试:
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
相当于这个
resp.setHeader("Location","/r/img");
resp.setStatus(302);
*/
resp.sendRedirect("/r/img");//重定向
}
面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别?
相同点
- 页面都会实现跳转
不同点
- 请求转发的时候,url不会产生变化
- 重定向时候,url地址栏会发生变化;
5、简单实现登录重定向
- jsp依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
- index.jsp
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
- 重定向处理
package com.liang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RequestTestDemon extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//处理请求
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
System.out.println(username+":"+password);
//重定向时候一定要注意,路径问题,否则404;
resp.sendRedirect("/res/Mylove.jsp");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
- 重定向后文件Mylove.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 86178
Date: 2021/4/20
Time: 15:49
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>欢迎</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>我喜欢你!</h1>
</body>
</html>
- web.xml配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>res</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.RequestTestDemon</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>res</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
6.7、HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息;
获取参数,请求转发
- 重写index.jsp(名字不能变,不然回报错,找不到文件)
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<div style="text-align: center">
<%--以post方式提交表单--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/req" method="post">
用户名: <input type="text" name="username"></br>
密码: <input type="password" name="password"></br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="唱歌">唱歌
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="跳舞">跳舞
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="篮球">篮球
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="恋爱">恋爱
</br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
- RequestDemon01
package com.liang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* @author 86178
*/
public class RequestDemon01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
//输出数组
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
//通过请求转发
//这里的/代表当前的web应用
req.getRequestDispatcher("/love.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
- 另一个jsp文件
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 86178
Date: 2021/4/20
Time: 17:35
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功</h1>
</body>
</html>
7、Cookie、Session
7.1、会话
会话:用户打开一个浏览器,点击了很多超链接,访问多个web资源,关闭浏览器,这个过程可以称之为会话;
有状态会话:一个同学来过教室,下次再来教室,我们会知道这个同学,曾经来过,称之为有状态会话;
一个网站,怎么证明你来过?
客户端 服务端
- 服务端给客户端一个 信件,客户端下次访问服务端带上信件就可以了; cookie
- 服务器登记你来过了,下次你来的时候我来匹配你; session
7.2、保存会话的两种技术
cookie
- 客户端技术 (响应,请求)
session
- 服务器技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息? 我们可以把信息或者数据放在Session中!
7.3、Cookie
ublic class TestCookieDemon extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器告诉你你来的时间,将这个时间封装成一个信件,你下次带过来,服务器就知道你来了
//解决中文乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//输出
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//Cookie,服务端从客户端获取,可能存在多个
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
//判断Cookie是否存在
if(cookies!= null){
//如果存在,就输出
out.write("你上一次访问的时间是:");
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length ; i++) {
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
//获得Cookie的名字
if(cookie.getName().equals("lastTime")){
//获得Cookie中的值
long lastTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
Date date = new Date(lastTime);
out.write(date.toLocaleString());
}
}
}else{
out.write("这是你第一次来哦!");
}
//服务器给客户端一个cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
//cookie的有效值
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
cookie:一般会保存在本地的 用户目录下 appdata;
一个网站cookie是否存在上限!
-
一个Cookie只能保存一个信息;
-
一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie,最多存放20个cookie;
-
Cookie大小有限制4kb;
-
300个cookie浏览器上限
删除Cookie
- 不设置有效期,关闭浏览器,自动失效;
- 设置有效期时间为 0 ;
- 解码编码问题
//解码
URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"utf-8");
//编码
URLEncoder.encode("你好","utf-8");
7.4、Session(重点)
Session和cookie的区别:
- Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存 (可以保存多个)
- Session把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中,服务器端保存 (保存重要的信息,减少服务器资源的浪费)
- Session对象由服务创建;
Session:
- 服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个Seesion对象;
- 一个Seesion独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个Session就存在;
- 用户登录之后,整个网站它都可以访问!–> 保存用户的信息;保存购物车的信息……
使用Session:
- 写一个Person类
package com.liang.entrity;
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Name:" + name + "\n"
+ "Age:" + age;
}
}
- 存对象进session
public class TestSessionDemon extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给Session中存东西
session.setAttribute("name",new Person("帅哥",1));
//获取Session的ID
String sessionId = session.getId();
//判断Session是不是新创建
if (session.isNew()){
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,ID:"+sessionId);
}else {
resp.getWriter().write("session已经在服务器中存在了,ID:"+sessionId);
}
//Session创建的时候做了什么事情;
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",sessionId);
// resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
- 得到对象
/**
* @author 86178
*/
public class TestSessionDemon01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(person.toString());
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
- 删除session
/**
* @author 86178
*/
public class TestSessionDemon02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.removeAttribute("name");
//手动注销Session
session.invalidate();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
- web.xml配置让session过期
<!--设置Session默认的失效时间-->
<session-config>
<!--3分钟后Session自动失效,以分钟为单位-->
<session-timeout>3</session-timeout>
</session-config>
未完待续