原式:
m
1
v
0
=
m
1
v
1
+
m
2
v
2
m_1v_0 = m_1v_1 + m_2v_2
m1v0=m1v1+m2v2
1
2
m
1
v
0
2
=
1
2
m
1
v
1
2
+
1
2
m
2
v
2
2
\frac{1}{2}m_1v_0^2 = \frac 1 2m_1v_1^2 + \frac 1 2m_2v_2^2
21m1v02=21m1v12+21m2v22
解:
通过1式求得
v
2
v_2
v2
v
2
=
m
1
(
v
0
−
v
1
)
m
2
v_2 = \frac{m_1(v_0-v_1)}{m_2}
v2=m2m1(v0−v1)
带入2式中,且约去
1
2
\frac 1 2
21有:
m
1
v
0
2
=
m
1
v
0
2
+
m
2
(
m
1
(
v
0
−
v
1
)
m
2
)
2
m_1v_0^2 = m_1v_0^2 +m_2(\frac{m_1(v_0-v_1)}{m_2})^2
m1v02=m1v02+m2(m2m1(v0−v1))2
两边同时乘以
m
2
m
1
\frac{m_2}{m_1}
m1m2 有:
m
2
v
0
2
=
m
2
v
1
2
+
m
1
v
0
2
+
m
1
v
1
2
−
2
m
1
v
0
v
1
m_2v_0^2 = m_2v_1^2+m_1v_0^2+m_1v_1^2-2m_1v_0v_1
m2v02=m2v12+m1v02+m1v12−2m1v0v1
全部移到等号左侧有:
(
m
1
+
m
2
)
v
1
2
−
2
m
1
v
0
v
1
+
(
m
1
−
m
2
)
v
0
2
=
0
(m_1+m_2)v_1^2-2m_1v_0v_1+(m_1-m_2)v_0^2 = 0
(m1+m2)v12−2m1v0v1+(m1−m2)v02=0
由一元二次方程公式得:
±
x
=
−
b
±
b
2
−
4
a
c
2
a
±x=\frac{-b±\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}
±x=2a−b±b2−4ac
有:
±
v
1
=
2
m
1
v
0
±
4
m
1
2
v
0
2
−
4
(
m
1
+
m
2
)
(
m
1
−
m
2
)
v
0
2
2
(
m
1
+
m
2
)
±v_1 = \frac{2m_1v_0±\sqrt{4m_1^2v_0^2-4(m_1+m_2)(m_1-m_2)v_0^2}}{2(m_1+m_2)}
±v1=2(m1+m2)2m1v0±4m12v02−4(m1+m2)(m1−m2)v02
= 2 m 1 v 0 ± 4 m 1 2 v 0 2 − 4 m 1 2 v 0 2 + 4 m 2 2 v 0 2 2 ( m 1 + m 2 ) =\frac{2m_1v_0±\sqrt{4m_1^2v_0^2-4m_1^2v_0^2+4m_2^2v_0^2}}{2(m_1+m_2)} =2(m1+m2)2m1v0±4m12v02−4m12v02+4m22v02
=
2
m
1
v
0
±
2
m
2
v
0
2
(
m
1
+
m
2
)
=\frac{2m_1v_0±2m_2v_0}{2(m_1+m_2)}
=2(m1+m2)2m1v0±2m2v0
若取正
v
1
=
v
0
v_1=v_0
v1=v0即碰撞后未发生速度变化,或未发生碰撞,故舍弃
取负有:
v
1
=
m
1
−
m
2
m
1
+
m
2
v
0
v_1 = \frac{m_1-m_2}{m_1+m_2}v_0
v1=m1+m2m1−m2v0
将
v
1
v_1
v1反代入1式:
m
1
v
0
=
m
1
m
1
−
m
2
m
1
+
m
2
v
0
+
m
2
v
2
m_1v_0=m_1\frac{m_1-m_2}{m_1+m_2}v_0+m_2v_2
m1v0=m1m1+m2m1−m2v0+m2v2
化简:
m
2
v
2
=
m
1
v
0
−
m
1
m
1
−
m
2
m
1
+
m
2
v
0
m_2v_2=m_1v_0-m_1\frac{m_1-m_2}{m_1+m_2}v_0
m2v2=m1v0−m1m1+m2m1−m2v0
m
2
v
2
=
2
m
2
m
1
+
m
2
m
1
v
0
m_2v_2=\frac{2m_2}{m_1+m_2}m_1v_0
m2v2=m1+m22m2m1v0
同时约去
m
2
m_2
m2:
v
2
=
2
m
1
m
1
+
m
2
v
0
v_2=\frac{2m_1}{m_1+m_2}v_0
v2=m1+m22m1v0
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