1 内存分区模型

1.1 程序运行前

/*
 * @Author: Heweifu
 * @Date: 2021-09-26 23:06:01
 * @LastEditTime: 2021-09-26 23:09:31
 * @LastEditors: Heweifu
 * @Description: 内存分区测试
 * @FilePath: \C++核心编程\1内存分区模型\1_1程序运行前.cpp
 */

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//全局变量
int g_a = 10;
int g_b = 10;

//全局常量
const int c_g_a = 10;
const int c_g_b = 10;

int main()
{

    //局部变量
    int a = 10;
    int b = 10;
    //打印地址
    cout << "局部变量a地址为： "<< (long long)&a <<endl;
    cout << "局部变量a地址为： "<< (long long)&b <<endl;

    cout << "全局变量g_a地址为： "<< (long long)&g_a <<endl;
    cout << "全局变量g_b地址为： "<< (long long)&g_b <<endl;


    //静态变量
    static int s_a = 10;
    static int s_b = 10;

    cout << "静态变量s_a地址为： "<< (long long)&s_a <<endl;
    cout << "静态变量s_b地址为： "<< (long long)&s_b <<endl;

    cout << "字符串常量1地址为： "<< (long long)&"hello world" <<endl;
    cout << "字符串常量2地址为： "<< (long long)&"hello world1" <<endl;

    cout << "全局常量c_g_a地址为： "<< (long long)&c_g_a <<endl;
    cout << "全局常量c_g_b地址为： "<< (long long)&c_g_b <<endl;

    //局部常量
    const int c_l_a = 10;
    const int c_l_b = 10;

    cout << "局部常量c_l_a地址为： "<< (long long)&c_l_a <<endl;
    cout << "局部常量c_l_b地址为： "<< (long long)&c_l_b <<endl;

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

结果：

1.2程序运行后

/*
 * @Author: Heweifu
 * @Date: 2021-09-26 23:25:49
 * @LastEditTime: 2021-09-26 23:33:10
 * @LastEditors: Heweifu
 * @Description: 内存分区测试
 * @FilePath: \C++核心编程\1内存分区模型\1_2程序运行后.cpp
 */

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int *func();

int main(){

    int *p = func();

    cout << *p << endl;

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

int *func()
{
    //堆区数据利用new关键字进行开辟内存
    int* a =  new int(10);//利用new创建的数据，会返回该数据对应的类型的指针

    return a;
}

1.3 new操作符_基本语法

/*
 * @Author: Heweifu
 * @Date: 2021-09-26 23:35:11
 * @LastEditTime: 2021-09-26 23:43:30
 * @LastEditors: Heweifu
 * @Description: 12222
 * @FilePath: \C++核心编程\1内存分区模型\1_3new操作符_基本语法.cpp
 */

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int *func();

int main()
{

    int *p = func();

    cout << *p << endl; //10

    delete p; //堆区开辟的数据，由程序员手动开辟，手动释放，释放利用操作符 ==delete==

    cout << *p << endl; //释放后的指针为野指针，值不确定(Random)

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

int *func()
{
    int *a = new int(10);

    return a;
}

1.3 new操作符_开辟数组

/*
 * @Author: Heweifu
 * @Date: 2021-09-26 23:40:24
 * @LastEditTime: 2021-09-26 23:43:11
 * @LastEditors: Heweifu
 * @Description: 12222
 * @FilePath: \C++核心编程\1内存分区模型\1_3new操作符_开辟数组.cpp
 */
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int *arr = new int[10];

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        arr[i] = i + 10;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        cout << arr[i] << endl;
    }

    //释放数组 delete 后加 []
    delete[] arr;

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}