斌头老师的第二次作业
请用归纳法证明以下定理:
1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + . . . + n 2 = n ( 2 n + 1 ) ( n + 1 ) 6 1^2+2^2+3^2+...+n^2=\frac{n(2n+1)(n+1)}{6} 12+22+32+...+n2=6n(2n+1)(n+1)
用数学归纳法证明如下:
1)当n=1时,算式成立
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12=61×(2×1+1)×(1+1)=1
2)当n=k(k>1)时,算式成立即
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1^2+2^2+3^2+...+k^2=\frac{k(2k+1)(k+1)}{6}
12+22+32+...+k2=6k(2k+1)(k+1)
3)当n=k+1时
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\begin{aligned} 1^2+2^2+3^2+...+k^2+(k+1)^2 &=\frac{k(2k+1)(k+1)}{6}+(k+1)^2\\ &=\frac{k(2k+1)(k+1)+6(k+1)^2}{6}\\ &=\frac{(k+1)(2k^2+7k+6)}{6}\\ &=\frac{(k+1)(2k+3)(k+2)}{6}\\ &=\frac{(k+1)[2(k+1)+1][(k+1)+1]}{6}\\ \end{aligned}
12+22+32+...+k2+(k+1)2=6k(2k+1)(k+1)+(k+1)2=6k(2k+1)(k+1)+6(k+1)2=6(k+1)(2k2+7k+6)=6(k+1)(2k+3)(k+2)=6(k+1)[2(k+1)+1][(k+1)+1]
由此可得,n=k+1时,公式成立得证
综上所述,由数学归纳法可得,公式成立