吴恩达深度学习-assignment3

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已于 2024-04-19 09:39:06 修改

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于 2024-04-18 22:10:35 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52355727/article/details/137939089

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参数初始化 — 前向传播 — 代价 — 后向传播 — 更新参数

Package imports

# Package imports
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from testCases import *
import sklearn
import sklearn.datasets
import sklearn.linear_model
from planar_utils import plot_decision_boundary, sigmoid, load_planar_dataset, load_extra_datasets

%matplotlib inline

np.random.seed(1) # set a seed so that the results are consistent

load databset

X, Y = load_planar_dataset() 

# Visualize the data:
plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=Y[0, :], s=40, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral);

shape_X = X.shape
shape_Y = Y.shape
m = shape_X[1]
print ('The shape of X is: ' + str(shape_X))
print ('The shape of Y is: ' + str(shape_Y))
print ('I have m = %d training examples!' % (m))

layer_sizes

# GRADED FUNCTION: layer_sizes实际上不会用到这个函数
def layer_sizes(X, Y):
    """
    Arguments:
    X -- input dataset of shape (input size, number of examples)
    Y -- labels of shape (output size, number of examples)
    
    Returns:
    n_x -- the size of the input layer
    n_h -- the size of the hidden layer
    n_y -- the size of the output layer
    """
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 3 lines of code)
    n_x = X.shape[0]
    n_h = 4
    n_y = Y.shape[0]
    
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    return (n_x, n_h, n_y)

initialize_parameters

# GRADED FUNCTION: initialize_parameters
def initialize_parameters(n_x, n_h, n_y):
    """
    Argument:
    n_x -- size of the input layer
    n_h -- size of the hidden layer
    n_y -- size of the output layer
    
    Returns:
    params -- python dictionary containing your parameters:
                    W1 -- weight matrix of shape (n_h, n_x)
                    b1 -- bias vector of shape (n_h, 1)
                    W2 -- weight matrix of shape (n_y, n_h)
                    b2 -- bias vector of shape (n_y, 1)
    """
    
    np.random.seed(2) # we set up a seed so that your output matches ours although the initialization is random.
    
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)
    W1 = np.random.randn(n_h , n_x) * 0.01
    b1 = np.zeros((n_h,1))
    W2 = np.random.randn(n_y , n_h) * 0.01
    b2 = np.zeros((n_y,1))
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    assert (W1.shape == (n_h, n_x))
    assert (b1.shape == (n_h, 1))
    assert (W2.shape == (n_y, n_h))
    assert (b2.shape == (n_y, 1))
    
    parameters = {"W1": W1,
                  "b1": b1,
                  "W2": W2,
                  "b2": b2}
    
    return parameters

forward_propagation


# GRADED FUNCTION: forward_propagation
def forward_propagation(X, parameters):
    """
    Argument:
    X -- input data of size (n_x, m)
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters (output of initialization function)
    
    Returns:
    A2 -- The sigmoid output of the second activation
    cache -- a dictionary containing "Z1", "A1", "Z2" and "A2"
    """
    # Retrieve each parameter from the dictionary "parameters"
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)
    W1 = parameters["W1"]
    b1 = parameters["b1"]
    W2 = parameters["W2"]
    b2 = parameters["b2"]
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Implement Forward Propagation to calculate A2 (probabilities)
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)
    Z1 = np.dot(W1, X) + b1
    A1 = np.tanh(Z1)
    Z2 = np.dot(W2, A1) + b2
    A2 = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-Z2))
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    assert(A2.shape == (1, X.shape[1]))
    
    cache = {"Z1": Z1,
             "A1": A1,
             "Z2": Z2,
             "A2": A2}
    
    return A2, cache

compute_cost

# GRADED FUNCTION: compute_cost

def compute_cost(A2, Y, parameters):
    """
    Computes the cross-entropy cost given in equation (13)
    
    Arguments:
    A2 -- The sigmoid output of the second activation, of shape (1, number of examples)
    Y -- "true" labels vector of shape (1, number of examples)
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters W1, b1, W2 and b2
    
    Returns:
    cost -- cross-entropy cost given equation (13)
    """
    
    m = Y.shape[1] # number of example

    # Compute the cross-entropy cost
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)
    logprobs = np.multiply(np.log(A2), Y) + np.multiply((1-Y), np.log(1-A2))
    cost = -(1/m) * np.sum(logprobs)
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    cost = np.squeeze(cost)     # makes sure cost is the dimension we expect. 
                                # E.g., turns [[17]] into 17 
    assert(isinstance(cost, float))  #要判断两个类型是否相同使用 isinstance()
    
    return cost

backward_propagation

# GRADED FUNCTION: backward_propagation

def backward_propagation(parameters, cache, X, Y):
    """
    Implement the backward propagation using the instructions above.
    
    Arguments:
    parameters -- python dictionary containing our parameters 
    cache -- a dictionary containing "Z1", "A1", "Z2" and "A2".
    X -- input data of shape (2, number of examples)
    Y -- "true" labels vector of shape (1, number of examples)
    
    Returns:
    grads -- python dictionary containing your gradients with respect to different parameters
    """
    m = X.shape[1]
    
    # First, retrieve W1 and W2 from the dictionary "parameters".
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)
    W1 = parameters["W1"]
    W2 = parameters["W2"]
    ### END CODE HERE ###
        
    # Retrieve also A1 and A2 from dictionary "cache".
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)
    A1 = cache["A1"]
    A2 = cache["A2"]
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Backward propagation: calculate dW1, db1, dW2, db2. 
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 6 lines of code, corresponding to 6 equations on slide above)
    dZ2 = A2 - Y
    dW2 = np.dot(dZ2 , A1.T) / m
    db2 = np.sum(dZ2 , axis = 1 , keepdims=True) / m
    
    dA1 = np.dot(W2.T, dZ2)
    # multiply逐个元素乘法 
    dZ1 = np.multiply(dA1 , (1 - np.power(A1, 2)))
    dW1 = np.dot(dZ1 , X.T) / m
    db1 = np.sum(dZ1 , axis= 1 , keepdims=True) / m
    
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    grads = {"dW1": dW1,
             "db1": db1,
             "dW2": dW2,
             "db2": db2}
    
    return grads

update_parameters

# GRADED FUNCTION: update_parameters

def update_parameters(parameters, grads, learning_rate = 1.2):
    """
    Updates parameters using the gradient descent update rule given above
    
    Arguments:
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters 
    grads -- python dictionary containing your gradients 
    
    Returns:
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your updated parameters 
    """
    # Retrieve each parameter from the dictionary "parameters"
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)
    W1 = parameters["W1"]
    b1 = parameters["b1"]
    W2 = parameters["W2"]
    b2 = parameters["b2"]
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Retrieve each gradient from the dictionary "grads"
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)
    dW1 = grads["dW1"]
    db1 = grads["db1"]
    dW2 = grads["dW2"]
    db2 = grads["db2"]
    ## END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Update rule for each parameter
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)
    W1 -= learning_rate * dW1
    b1 -= learning_rate * db1
    W2 -= learning_rate * dW2
    b2 -= learning_rate * db2
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    parameters = {"W1": W1,
                  "b1": b1,
                  "W2": W2,
                  "b2": b2}
    
    return parameters

nn_model

# GRADED FUNCTION: nn_model

def nn_model(X, Y, n_h, num_iterations = 10000, print_cost=False):
    """
    Arguments:
    X -- dataset of shape (2, number of examples)
    Y -- labels of shape (1, number of examples)
    n_h -- size of the hidden layer
    num_iterations -- Number of iterations in gradient descent loop
    print_cost -- if True, print the cost every 1000 iterations
    
    Returns:
    parameters -- parameters learnt by the model. They can then be used to predict.
    """
    
    np.random.seed(3)
    n_x = layer_sizes(X, Y)[0]
    n_y = layer_sizes(X, Y)[2]
    
    # Initialize parameters, then retrieve W1, b1, W2, b2. Inputs: "n_x, n_h, n_y". Outputs = "W1, b1, W2, b2, parameters".
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 5 lines of code)
    parameters = initialize_parameters(n_x, n_h, n_y)
    W1 = parameters["W1"]
    b1 = parameters["b1"]
    W2 = parameters["W2"]
    b2 = parameters["b2"]
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Loop (gradient descent)

    for i in range(0, num_iterations):
         
        ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)
        # Forward propagation. Inputs: "X, parameters". Outputs: "A2, cache".
        A2, cache = forward_propagation(X, parameters)
        
        # Cost function. Inputs: "A2, Y, parameters". Outputs: "cost".
        cost = compute_cost(A2, Y, parameters)
 
        # Backpropagation. Inputs: "parameters, cache, X, Y". Outputs: "grads".
        grads = backward_propagation(parameters, cache, X, Y)
 
        # Gradient descent parameter update. Inputs: "parameters, grads". Outputs: "parameters".
        parameters = update_parameters(parameters, grads, learning_rate = 1.2)
        
        ### END CODE HERE ###
        
        # Print the cost every 1000 iterations
        if print_cost and i % 1000 == 0:
            print ("Cost after iteration %i: %f" %(i, cost))

    return parameters

predict


# GRADED FUNCTION: predict

def predict(parameters, X):
    """
    Using the learned parameters, predicts a class for each example in X
    
    Arguments:
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters 
    X -- input data of size (n_x, m)
    
    Returns
    predictions -- vector of predictions of our model (red: 0 / blue: 1)
    """
    
    # Computes probabilities using forward propagation, and classifies to 0/1 using 0.5 as the threshold.
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)
    A2 , cache = forward_propagation(X , parameters)
    predictions = (A2 > 0.5)
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    return predictions

训练

# Build a model with a n_h-dimensional hidden layer
parameters = nn_model(X, Y, n_h = 4, num_iterations = 10000, print_cost=True)

# Plot the decision boundary
plot_decision_boundary(lambda x: predict(parameters, x.T), X, Y[0, :])
plt.title("Decision Boundary for hidden layer size " + str(4))

# Print accuracy
predictions = predict(parameters, X)
print ('Accuracy: %d' % float((np.dot(Y,predictions.T) + np.dot(1-Y,1-predictions.T))/float(Y.size)*100) + '%')

Tuning hidden layer size

# This may take about 2 minutes to run

plt.figure(figsize=(16, 32))
hidden_layer_sizes = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20]
for i, n_h in enumerate(hidden_layer_sizes):
    plt.subplot(5, 2, i+1)
    plt.title('Hidden Layer of size %d' % n_h)
    parameters = nn_model(X, Y, n_h, num_iterations = 5000)
    plot_decision_boundary(lambda x: predict(parameters, x.T), X, Y[0, :])
    predictions = predict(parameters, X)
    accuracy = float((np.dot(Y,predictions.T) + np.dot(1-Y,1-predictions.T))/float(Y.size)*100)
    print ("Accuracy for {} hidden units: {} %".format(n_h, accuracy))

Performance on other datasets

# Datasets
noisy_circles, noisy_moons, blobs, gaussian_quantiles, no_structure = load_extra_datasets()

datasets = {"noisy_circles": noisy_circles,
            "noisy_moons": noisy_moons,
            "blobs": blobs,
            "gaussian_quantiles": gaussian_quantiles}

### START CODE HERE ### (choose your dataset)
dataset = "gaussian_quantiles" # 高斯分位数
### END CODE HERE ###

X, Y = datasets[dataset]
X, Y = X.T, Y.reshape(1, Y.shape[0])

# make blobs binary
if dataset == "blobs":
    Y = Y%2

# Visualize the data
plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=Y[0, :], s=40, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral);

parameters = nn_model(X, Y, n_h = 4, num_iterations = 10000, print_cost=True)
plot_decision_boundary(lambda x: predict(parameters, x.T), X, Y[0, :])
plt.title("Decision Boundary for hidden layer size " + str(4))

predictions = predict(parameters, X)
print ('Accuracy: %d' % float((np.dot(Y,predictions.T) + np.dot(1-Y,1-predictions.T))/float(Y.size)*100) + '%')