吴恩达深度学习-assignment2_2

lu_utils.py文件

import numpy as np
import h5py
    
def load_dataset():
    train_dataset = h5py.File('datasets/train_catvnoncat.h5', "r")
    train_set_x_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_x"][:]) # your train set features
    train_set_y_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_y"][:]) # your train set labels

    test_dataset = h5py.File('datasets/test_catvnoncat.h5', "r")
    test_set_x_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_x"][:]) # your test set features
    test_set_y_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_y"][:]) # your test set labels

    classes = np.array(test_dataset["list_classes"][:]) # the list of classes
    
    train_set_y_orig = train_set_y_orig.reshape((1, train_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
    test_set_y_orig = test_set_y_orig.reshape((1, test_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
    
    return train_set_x_orig, train_set_y_orig, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y_orig, classes

assignmenet2_2

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import h5py
import scipy
from PIL import Image
from scipy import ndimage
from lr_utils import load_dataset

%matplotlib inline

# Loading the data (cat/non-cat)
train_set_x_orig, train_set_y, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y, classes = load_dataset()

# Example of a picture
index = 3
plt.imshow(train_set_x_orig[index])
print ("y = " + str(train_set_y[:, index]) + ", it's a '" + classes[np.squeeze(train_set_y[:, index])].decode("utf-8") +  "' picture.")

# Find the values
m_train = train_set_x_orig.shape[0]
m_test = test_set_x_orig.shape[0]
num_px = train_set_x_orig.shape[1]

# Reshape the training and test examples
### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)
'''
A trick when you want to flatten a matrix X of shape (a,b,c,d) to a matrix X_flatten of shape (b*c*d, a) is to use: 
X_flatten = X.reshape(X.shape[0], -1).T      # X.T is the transpose of X
每一列是一个图像的RGB颜色的数据
'''
train_set_x_flatten = train_set_x_orig.reshape(m_train , -1).T
test_set_x_flatten = test_set_x_orig.reshape(m_test , -1).T

# center and standardize your dataset
train_set_x = train_set_x_flatten/255.
test_set_x = test_set_x_flatten/255.


# GRADED FUNCTION: sigmoid
def sigmoid(z):
    s = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-z))
    return s


# GRADED FUNCTION: initialize_with_zeros 
def initialize_with_zeros(dim):
    w = np.zeros((dim , 1))
    b = 0
    
    assert(w.shape == (dim, 1))
    assert(isinstance(b, float) or isinstance(b, int))
    
    return w, b


# GRADED FUNCTION: propagate 计算每一次梯度下降的dw，db
def propagate(w, b, X, Y):
    m = X.shape[1]

    z = np.dot(w.T , X) + b
    A = sigmoid(z)
    cost = -np.sum(Y * np.log(A) + (1-Y) * np.log(1-A)) / m
    
    dz = A - Y
    dw = np.dot(X , dz.T) / m
    db = np.sum(dz) / m
    
    assert(dw.shape == w.shape)
    assert(db.dtype == float)
    cost = np.squeeze(cost)
    assert(cost.shape == ())
    
    grads = {"dw": dw, 
    				"db": db}
    
    return grads, cost


# GRADED FUNCTION: optimize
def optimize(w, b, X, Y, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost = False): 
    costs = []
    
    for i in range(num_iterations):
      
        grads, cost = propagate(w , b , X , Y)
        
        dw = grads["dw"]
        db = grads["db"]
        
        w = w - learning_rate * dw
        b = b - learning_rate * db

        if i % 100 == 0:
            costs.append(cost)

        if print_cost and i % 100 == 0:
            print ("Cost after iteration %i: %f" %(i, cost))
    
    params = {"w": w,
              "b": b}
    
    grads = {"dw": dw,
             "db": db}
    
    return params, grads, costs


# GRADED FUNCTION: predict
def predict(w, b, X):
    m = X.shape[1]
    Y_prediction = np.zeros((1,m))
    w = w.reshape(X.shape[0], 1)
    
    A = sigmoid(np.dot(w.T , X ) + b)

    for i in range(A.shape[1]):
        if A[0,i] >= 0.5:
            Y_prediction[0,i] = 1
        else:
            Y_prediction[0,i] = 0

    assert(Y_prediction.shape == (1, m))
    
    return Y_prediction


# GRADED FUNCTION: model整合以上函数
def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, num_iterations = 2000, learning_rate = 0.5, print_cost = False):
   
    w, b = initialize_with_zeros(X_train.shape[0]) # 每一个像素都配上一个参数theta
    
    params, grads, costs = optimize(w, b, X_train, Y_train, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost)

    w , b = params['w'], params['b']

    Y_prediction_train  = predict(w , b , X_train)
    Y_prediction_test  = predict(w , b , X_test)
    
    print("train accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_train - Y_train)) * 100))
    print("test accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_test - Y_test)) * 100))

    d = {"costs": costs,
         "Y_prediction_test": Y_prediction_test, 
         "Y_prediction_train" : Y_prediction_train, 
         "w" : w, 
         "b" : b,
         "learning_rate" : learning_rate,
         "num_iterations": num_iterations}
    
    return d


# Run the following cell to train your model.
d = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 2000, learning_rate = 0.005, print_cost = True)


# Example of a picture that was wrongly classified.
index = 40
plt.imshow(test_set_x[:,index].reshape((num_px, num_px, 3)))
print ("y = " + str(test_set_y[0,index]) + ", you predicted that it is a \"" + classes[int(d["Y_prediction_test"][0,index])].decode("utf-8") +  "\" picture.")


# Plot learning curve (with costs)
costs = np.squeeze(d['costs'])
plt.plot(costs)
plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations (per hundreds)')
plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(d["learning_rate"]))
plt.show()


# Choice of learning rate
learning_rates = [0.01, 0.001, 0.0001]
models = {}
for i in learning_rates:
    print ("learning rate is: " + str(i))
    models[str(i)] = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 1500, learning_rate = i, print_cost = False)
    print ('\n' + "-------------------------------------------------------" + '\n')

for i in learning_rates:
    plt.plot(np.squeeze(models[str(i)]["costs"]), label= str(models[str(i)]["learning_rate"]))

plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations')

legend = plt.legend(loc='upper center', shadow=True)
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_facecolor('0.90')
plt.show()


## START CODE HERE ## (PUT YOUR IMAGE NAME)
my_image = 'my_image3.jpg'
## END CODE HERE ##


# We preprocess the image to fit your algorithm.
fname = "images/" + my_image
with Image.open(fname) as img:
    # 调整图像大小
    resized_img = img.resize((num_px, num_px), resample=Image.BILINEAR)

    # 将 PIL 图像转换为 NumPy 数组，并从 HWC 转换为 CHW 格式（适用于某些深度学习框架）
    image_array = np.array(resized_img).transpose((2, 0, 1))

    # 重塑为 (1, num_px*num_px*3) 形状，并转置
    my_image = image_array.reshape((1, num_px * num_px * 3)).T

my_predicted_image = predict(d["w"], d["b"], my_image)

plt.imshow(img)
print("y = " + str(np.squeeze(my_predicted_image)) + ", your algorithm predicts a \"" + classes[int(np.squeeze(my_predicted_image)),].decode("utf-8") +  "\" picture.")

（每个像素的RGB参数都配上一个参数theta）非常简单的模型，存在过拟合、模型简单测试率低等问题。