鸿蒙HarmonyOS APP开发入门3——组件（九 按钮组件 ）——Button组件

鸿蒙HarmonyOS APP开发入门3——组件（九 按钮组件 ）——Button组件

11.Button按钮组件

组件说明

Button是一种常见的组件，点击可以触发对应的操作，通常由文本或图标组成，也可以由图标和文本共同组成。我们在开发中最常用到的一个组件。

创建Button

在layout目录下的xml文件中创建Button，并设置按钮的背景形状、颜色。

常用的背景如文本背景、按钮背景，通常采用XML格式放置在graphic目录下。

<Button
    ohos:id="$+id:button"
    ohos:width="match_content"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:text_size="27fp"
    ohos:text="button"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button"   
    ohos:left_margin="15vp"
    ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
    ohos:right_padding="8vp"
    ohos:left_padding="8vp"
    ohos:element_left="$media:ic_btn_reload"
/>

在Project窗口，打开“entry > src > main > resources > base > media”，拖动所需图片文件添加至media目录下。

在Project窗口，打开“entry > src > main > resources > base”，右键点击“graphic”文件夹，选择“New > File”，命名为“background_button.xml”，在该文件中定义按钮的背景形状、颜色。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <corners
        ohos:radius="10"/>
    <solid
        ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>

响应点击事件

按钮的重要作用是当用户单击按钮时，会执行相应的操作或者界面出现相应的变化。实际上用户点击按钮时，Button对象将收到一个点击事件。开发者可以自定义响应点击事件的方法。例如，通过创建一个Component.ClickedListener对象，然后通过调用setClickedListener将其分配给按钮。

Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);
// 为按钮设置点击事件回调
button.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {    
    @Override    
    public void onClick(Component component) {     
        // 此处添加点击按钮后的事件处理逻辑   
    }
}); 

不同类型的按钮

按照按钮的形状，按钮可以分为：普通按钮、椭圆按钮、胶囊按钮、圆形按钮等。

普通按钮

普通按钮和其他按钮的区别在于不需要设置任何形状，只设置文本和背景颜色即可，例如：

<Button    
        ohos:width="150vp"   
        ohos:height="50vp"    
        ohos:text_size="27fp"   
        ohos:text="button"    
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_blue_element"    
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"    
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"    
        ohos:right_padding="8vp"   
        ohos:left_padding="8vp"/>

graphic目录下的color_blue_element.xml文件示例如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"    
       ohos:shape="rectangle">    
    <solid  ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>

椭圆按钮

椭圆按钮是通过设置background_element的来实现的，background_element的shape设置为椭圆（oval），例如：

<Button  ohos:width="150vp"    
        ohos:height="50vp"    
        ohos:text_size="27fp"    
        ohos:text="button"    
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:oval_button_element"   
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"    
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"   
        ohos:right_padding="8vp"    
        ohos:left_padding="8vp"    
        ohos:element_left="$media:ic_btn_reload"/>

graphic目录下的oval_button_element.xml文件示例如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"    
       ohos:shape="oval">    
    <solid   ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>

胶囊按钮

胶囊按钮是一种常见的按钮，设置按钮背景时将背景设置为矩形形状，并且设置ShapeElement的radius的半径，例如：

<Button    ohos:id="$+id:button"    
        ohos:width="match_content"    
        ohos:height="match_content"    
        ohos:text_size="27fp"    
        ohos:text="button"    
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:capsule_button_element"    
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"    
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"   
        ohos:right_padding="15vp"    
        ohos:left_padding="15vp"/>

graphic目录下的capsule_button_element.xml文件示例如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"    
       ohos:shape="rectangle">    
    <corners   ohos:radius="100"/>
    <solid  ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>

圆形按钮

圆形按钮和椭圆按钮的区别在于组件本身的宽度和高度需要相同，例如：

<Button    
        ohos:id="$+id:button"    
        ohos:width="50vp"    
        ohos:height="50vp"    
        ohos:text_size="27fp"    
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:circle_button_element"   
        ohos:text="+"    ohos:left_margin="15vp"    
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"   
        ohos:right_padding="15vp"    
        ohos:left_padding="15vp"/>

graphic目录下的circle_button_element.xml文件示例如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"    
       ohos:shape="oval">    
    <solid  ohos:color="#007CFD"/>
</shape>

场景示例

利用圆形按钮，胶囊按钮，文本组件可以绘制出如下拨号盘的UI界面。

**图4 界面效果

源码示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_light_gray_element"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <Text
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text="0123456789"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_text_element"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
    />
    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"
        ohos:top_margin="5vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="5vp">
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="1"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="2"
            ohos:left_margin="5vp"
            ohos:right_margin="5vp"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="3"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
    </DirectionalLayout>
    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"
        ohos:bottom_margin="5vp">
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="4"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:left_margin="5vp"
            ohos:right_margin="5vp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="5"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="6"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
    </DirectionalLayout>
    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"
        ohos:bottom_margin="5vp">
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="7"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:left_margin="5vp"
            ohos:right_margin="5vp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="8"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="9"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
    </DirectionalLayout>
    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"
        ohos:bottom_margin="5vp">
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="*"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:left_margin="5vp"
            ohos:right_margin="5vp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="0"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
        <Button
            ohos:width="40vp"
            ohos:height="40vp"
            ohos:text_size="15fp"
            ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_circle_button_element"
            ohos:text="#"
            ohos:text_alignment="center"
        />
    </DirectionalLayout>
    <Button
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text_size="15fp"
        ohos:text="CALL"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:green_capsule_button_element"
        ohos:bottom_margin="5vp"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:left_padding="10vp"
        ohos:right_padding="10vp"
        ohos:top_padding="2vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="2vp"
    />
</DirectionalLayout>

graphic目录下的各XML文件示例如下：

color_light_gray_element.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" 
       ohos:shape="rectangle">    
    <solid  ohos:color="#EDEDED"/>
</shape>

green_text_element.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"   
       ohos:shape="rectangle">    
    <corners ohos:radius="20"/>    
    <stroke  ohos:width="2"        
            ohos:color="#006E00"/>    
    <solid  ohos:color="#EDEDED"/>
</shape>

green_circle_button_element.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape 
       xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"    
       ohos:shape="oval">    
    <stroke  ohos:width="5" 
            ohos:color="#006E00"/>    
    <solid   ohos:color="#EDEDED"/>
</shape>

green_capsule_button_element.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
       ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <corners ohos:radius="100"/>    
    <solid ohos:color="#006E00"/>
</shape>