a.
对任意 x ≤ ξ x \leq \xi x≤ξ，满足 f ( x ) = f 1 ( x ) f(x)=f_{1}(x) f(x)=f1(x)，有：
a 1 = β 0 , b 1 = β 1 , c 1 = β 2 , d 1 = β 3 a_{1}=\beta_{0}, b_{1}=\beta_{1}, c_{1}=\beta_{2}, d_{1}=\beta_{3} a1=β0,b1=β1,c1=β2,d1=β3
b.
对任意 x > ξ x>\xi x>ξ，满足 f ( x ) = f 2 ( x ) f(x)=f_{2}(x) f(x)=f2(x)， f ( x ) f(x) f(x)有：
β 0 + β 1 x + β 2 x 2 + β 3 x 3 + β 4 ( x − ξ ) 3 = β 0 + β 1 x + β 2 x 2 + β 3 x 3 + β 4 ( x 3 − 3 x 2 ξ + 3 x ξ 2 − ξ 3 ) = ( β 0 − β 4 ξ 3 ) + ( β 1 + 3 β 4 ξ 2 ) x + ( β 2 − 3 β 4 ξ ) x 2 + ( β 3 + β 4 ) x 3 \begin{gathered} \beta_{0}+\beta_{1} x+\beta_{2} x^{2}+\beta_{3} x^{3}+\beta_{4}(x-\xi)^{3} \\ =\beta_{0}+\beta_{1} x+\beta_{2} x^{2}+\beta_{3} x^{3}+\beta_{4}\left(x^{3}-3 x^{2} \xi+3 x \xi^{2}-\xi^{3}\right) \\ =\left(\beta_{0}-\beta_{4} \xi^{3}\right)+\left(\beta_{1}+3 \beta_{4} \xi^{2}\right) x+\left(\beta_{2}-3 \beta_{4} \xi\right) x^{2}+\left(\beta_{3}+\beta_{4}\right) x^{3} \end{gathered} β0+β1x+β2x2+β3x3+β4(x−ξ)3=β0+β1x+β2x2+β3x3+β4(x3−3x2ξ+3xξ2−ξ3)=(β0−β4ξ3)+(β1+3β4ξ2)x+(β2−3β4ξ)x2+(β3+β4)x3
所以, a 2 = β 0 − β 4 ξ 3 , b 2 = β 1 + 3 β 4 ξ 2 , c 2 = β 2 − 3 β 4 ξ , d 2 = β 3 + β 4 a_{2}=\beta_{0}-\beta_{4} \xi^{3}, b_{2}=\beta_{1}+3 \beta_{4} \xi^{2}, c_{2}=\beta_{2}-3 \beta_{4} \xi, d_{2}=\beta_{3}+\beta_{4} a2=β0−β4ξ3,b2=β1+3β4ξ2,c2=β2−3β4ξ,d2=β3+β4.
c.
f 1 ( ξ ) = β 0 + β 1 ξ + β 2 ξ 2 + β 3 ξ 3 f 2 ( ξ ) = ( β 0 − β 4 ξ 3 ) + ( β 1 + 3 β 4 ξ 2 ) ξ + ( β 2 − 3 β 4 ξ ) ξ 2 + ( β 3 + β 4 ) ξ 3 = β 0 − β 4 ξ 3 + β 1 ξ + 3 β 4 ξ 3 + β 2 ξ 2 − 3 β 4 ξ 3 + β 3 ξ 3 + β 4 ξ 3 = β 0 + β 1 ξ + β 2 ξ 2 + 3 β 4 ξ 3 − 3 β 4 ξ 3 + β 3 ξ 3 + β 4 ξ 3 − β 4 ξ 3 = β 0 + β 1 ξ + β 2 ξ 2 + β 3 ξ 3 \begin{gathered} f_{1}(\xi)=\beta_{0}+\beta_{1} \xi+\beta_{2} \xi^{2}+\beta_{3} \xi^{3} \\ f_{2}(\xi)=\left(\beta_{0}-\beta_{4} \xi^{3}\right)+\left(\beta_{1}+3 \beta_{4} \xi^{2}\r
本文探讨了非线性模型在统计学习中的应用，通过例题展示了如何利用R语言进行多项式回归和样条拟合。讨论了交叉验证选择最佳多项式次数和自由度的方法，以及在实际问题中如何改进模型性能，揭示了非线性关系在数据中的重要性。
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