CentOS8.4 DHCP服务配置

Al_1

已于 2022-03-13 23:17:19 修改

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分类专栏： CentOS8系列文章标签： linux centos

于 2022-03-13 23:14:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52746128/article/details/123372069

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DHCP服务简介

DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，动态主机配置协议)是一种帮助计算机从DHCP服务器获取配置信息的自举协议，工作在应用层

DHCP的主程序是dhcpd，该程序调用的配置文件有:位于/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf路径下的主配置文件，其默认配置只有注释语句；主配置文件的模板文件位于/usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example路径下

基本操作

[root@CentOS ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
启动
[root@CentOS ~]# systemctl status dhcpd
查询状态
[root@CentOS ~]# systemctl stop dhcpd
停止
[root@CentOS ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
设置开机自启动
[root@CentOS ~]# systemctl disable dhcpd
禁止开机自启动
[root@CentOS ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd
重启

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -qa | grep dhcp        查询rpm格式的dhcp安装包在安装后会释放什么文件
dhcp-common-4.3.6-44.0.1.el8.noarch
dhcp-libs-4.3.6-44.0.1.el8.x86_64
dhcp-server-4.3.6-44.0.1.el8.x86_64
dhcp-client-4.3.6-44.0.1.el8.x86_64

[root@CentOS ~]# ps -e | grep dhcp          查看dhcp服务使用的是哪个进程
  30383 ?        00:00:00 dhcpd

[root@CentOS ~]# netstat -alnp | grep dhcp  查看dhcp服务启用了什么端口
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           30383/dhcpd         
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:48981           0.0.0.0:*                           30383/dhcpd         
udp6       0      0 :::59638                :::*                                30383/dhcpd         
raw        0      0 0.0.0.0:1               0.0.0.0:*               7           30383/dhcpd         
unix  2      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     196375   30383/dhcpd          
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     196367   30383/dhcpd          
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    196370   30383/dhcpd

DHCP主配置文件

位于/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf路径下，默认配置如下

[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# DHCP服务的主配置文件默认情况下是空的，注释里提供了配置参考的模板文件和说明文件
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example    查看该路径下的dhcpd.conf.example模板文件
#   see dhcpd.conf(5) man page    查看使用手册下的说明
#

#复制模板文件覆盖主配置文件
[root@CentOS ~]# cp -a /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cp：是否覆盖'/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf'？ y

#再次查看主配置文件
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the 
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
  range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;
  option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}

# This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,
# which we don't really recommend.

subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
  range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;
  option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;
  option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;
}

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
  range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
  option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
  option domain-name "internal.example.org";
  option routers 10.5.5.1;
  option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
  default-lease-time 600;
  max-lease-time 7200;
}

# Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in
# host statements.   If no address is specified, the address will be
# allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific 

information
# will still come from the host declaration.

host passacaglia {
  hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;
  filename "vmunix.passacaglia";
  server-name "toccata.example.com";
}

# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts.   These 

addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic 

assignment.
# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot 

using
# BOOTP or DHCP.   Hosts for which no fixed address is specified 

can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the 

subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-

bootp flag
# set.
host fantasia {
  hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;
  fixed-address fantasia.example.com;
}

# You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation
# based on that.   The example below shows a case where all clients
# in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all
# other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.

class "foo" {
  match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "SUNW";
}

shared-network 224-29 {
  subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option routers rtr-224.example.org;
  }
  subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option routers rtr-29.example.org;
  }
  pool {
    allow members of "foo";
    range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;
  }
  pool {
    deny members of "foo";
    range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
  }
}

配置参数

全局配置	参数	作用
	ddns-update-style 类型;	定义DNS服务动态更新的类型，类型包括none(不支持动态更新)、interim(互动更新)和ad-hoc(特殊更新)
	allow/ignore client-updates;	允许/忽略客户机更新DNS记录

局部配置	参数	作用
	subnet 子网 netmask 子网掩码 {	定义作用域，一个子网网段指定一个作用域，DHCP不跨网段提供服务时，其IP地址应与其IP地址池属一个网段；跨网段提供服务时，其IP地址应与地址池中的一部分IP属一个网段
	server-name 主机名;	定义呈现给该子网内客户机的DHCP服务器名称
	option routers IPv4地址;	定义客户机的网关地址
	option subnet-mask 子网掩码;	定义客户机的子网掩码
	option-domain-name "域名";	定义DNS域名
	option domain-name-servers IPv4地址;	定义DNS服务器地址
	range 最低位IPv4地址最高位IPv4地址;	定义服务器的IPv4地址池
	broadcase-address IPv4地址;	定义客户机的广播地址
	ntp-server IPv4地址;	定义客户机的网络时间服务器的地址
	nis-servers IPv4地址;	定义客户机的NIS域服务器的地址
	default-lease-time 时间;	定义默认租约时间，单位:秒
	max-lease-time 时间;	定义最大租约时间，单位:秒
	time-offset 偏移差;	定义客户机与格林尼治时间的偏移差
	}

	group{	定义多个需要特殊设置的主机归结为一个组，便于集中设置共同项
	host 主机名 {	定义特殊设置的客户机
	hardware 网卡接口类型 MAC地址;	指定网卡接口的类型与MAC地址
	fixed-address IPv4地址;	分配某个固定的IP地址给该客户机
	}
	}

题一

单独子网

参数	值
默认租约时间	86400秒(1天)
最大租约时间	604800秒(7天)
IP地址池	192.168.0.51~192.168.0.150
子网掩码	255.255.255.0
网关地址	192.168.0.1
DNS服务地址	114.114.114.114
搜索域	demo.com
DNS动态更新	支持
客户机更新DNS记录	忽略
保留IP地址	MAC为00:50:56:C0:00:01的主机使用192.168.0.50

服务器配置

#依据模板文件的格式写入配置文件
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.150;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option domain-name "demo.com";
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 604800;
}

host dxzweb {
hardware Ethernet 00:50:56:C0:00:01;
fixed-address 192.168.0.50;
}

#服务器网络配置，需要固定IP
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=ens33
UUID=9cd45edd-4ec3-42e8-ba24-116fe6b22e92
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.254

客户端配置

Linux客户端

#修改网络配置
#虚拟机网卡切换到与服务器同一张
[root@CentOS ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=ens33
UUID=9cd45edd-4ec3-42e8-ba24-116fe6b22e92
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes

Windows客户端

操作流程：在右下角右键Internet选项——>打开网络和共享中心——>更改适配器设置——>找到服务器使用的那张网卡，右键属性——>单击“Internet 协议版本 4 (TCP/IPv4)”一项——>单击属性——>选中自动获得IP地址，选中自动获得DNS服务器地址，确定，确定，然后进入DOS命令行查看IP

客户端验证

#linux客户端
#重载网卡配置并启动网卡
[root@CentOS ~]# nmcli connection reload
[root@CentOS ~]# nmcli connection up ens33
连接已成功激活（D-Bus 活动路径：/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/11

#查看网卡配置
[root@CentOS ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.0.51  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe80:ab1a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:80:ab:1a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 4194  bytes 410949 (401.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1969  bytes 187615 (183.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

以太网适配器 VMware Network Adapter VMnet10:

   连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . : demo.com
   本地链接 IPv6 地址. . . . . . . . : fe80::4113:41db:f7bd:a585%84
   IPv4 地址 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.52
   子网掩码  . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   默认网关. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1