CG1-v1.0-点和直线的绘制
第1关：OpenGL点的绘制
一. 任务描述
根据下面要求，在右侧修改代码，绘制出预期输出的图片。平台会对你编写的代码进行测试。
1.本关任务
熟悉编程环境； 了解光栅图形显示器的特点；
了解计算机绘图的特点；
进行编程，以OpenGL为开发平台设计程序，以能够在屏幕上生成三个坐标、颜色和尺寸一定的点。
3.具体要求
(1) 背景色为黑色，用 glClearColor()来完成； (2) 渲染的点的直径设置为 3； (3) 选用 GL_POINTS 作为图形类型； (4) 三个点的颜色分别为（1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), (0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), (0.0f,0.0f,1.0f)； (5) 三个点对应的顶点坐标分别为（-0.4f,-0.4f), (0.0f,0.0f), (0.4f,0.4f)。
// 提示：写完代码请保存之后再进行评测
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include<stdio.h>
// 评测代码所用头文件-开始
#include<opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
// 评测代码所用头文件-结束
void myDisplay(void)
{
// 请在此添加你的代码
/********** Begin ********/
glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);
glPointSize(3);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(-0.4,-0.4);
glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(0.0,0.0);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glVertex2f(0.4,0.4);
glEnd();
/********** End **********/
glFlush();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);
glutCreateWindow("Hello Point!");
glutDisplayFunc(&myDisplay);
glutMainLoopEvent();
/*************以下为评测代码，与本次实验内容无关，请勿修改**************/
GLubyte* pPixelData = (GLubyte*)malloc(400 * 400 * 3);//分配内存
GLint viewport[4] = {0};
glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport);
glReadPixels(viewport[0], viewport[1], viewport[2], viewport[3], GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pPixelData);
cv::Mat img;
std::vector<cv::Mat> imgPlanes;
img.create(400, 400, CV_8UC3);
cv::split(img, imgPlanes);
for(int i = 0; i < 400; i ++) {
unsigned char* plane0Ptr = imgPlanes[0].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane1Ptr = imgPlanes[1].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane2Ptr = imgPlanes[2].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
for(int j = 0; j < 400; j ++) {
int k = 3 * (i * 400 + j);
plane2Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k];
plane1Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+1];
plane0Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+2];
}
}
cv::merge(imgPlanes, img);
cv::flip(img, img ,0);
cv::namedWindow("openglGrab");
cv::imshow("openglGrab", img);
//cv::waitKey();
cv::imwrite("../img_step1/test.jpg", img);
return 0;
}第2关：OpenGL简单图形绘制
一.任务描述
根据下面要求，在右侧修改代码，绘制出预期输出的图片。平台会对你编写的代码进行测试。
1.本关任务
利用 OpenGL 作为开发平台设计程序，生成一个光栅图
3.具体要求
(1).使用黑色作为背景，采用 glClearColor 来实现； (2).绘制一个矩形，颜色为(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f)，矩阵位置（-0.5f，-0.5f，0.5f，0.5f)； (3).绘制一个三角形，三个顶点颜色分别为（1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), (0.0f,1.0f,0.0f)， (0.0f,0.0f,1.0f)，对应的顶点坐标分别为(0.0f,1.0f), (0.8f,-0.5f), (-0.8f,-0.5f)； (4).绘制三个直径为3的点，颜色为（1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)， (0.0f,1.0f,0.0f)， (0.0f,0.0f,1.0f)，对应的顶点坐标分别为（-0.4f,-0.4f), (0.0f,0.0f)，(0.4f,0.4f)。
// 提示：写完代码请保存之后再进行评测
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include<stdio.h>
// 评测代码所用头文件-开始
#include<opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
// 评测代码所用头文件-结束
void myDisplay(void)
{
// 请在此添加你的代码
/********** Begin ********/
glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);
glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);
glRectf(-0.5,-0.5,0.5,0.5);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(0.0,1.0);
glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(0.8,-0.5);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glVertex2f(-0.8,-0.5);
glEnd();
glPointSize(3);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(-0.4,-0.4);
glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(0.0,0.0);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glVertex2f(0.4,0.4);
glEnd();
/********** End **********/
glFlush();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);
glutCreateWindow("Hello Point!");
glutDisplayFunc(&myDisplay);
glutMainLoopEvent();
/*************以下为评测代码，与本次实验内容无关，请勿修改**************/
GLubyte* pPixelData = (GLubyte*)malloc(400 * 400 * 3);//分配内存
GLint viewport[4] = {0};
glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport);
glReadPixels(viewport[0], viewport[1], viewport[2], viewport[3], GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pPixelData);
cv::Mat img;
std::vector<cv::Mat> imgPlanes;
img.create(400, 400, CV_8UC3);
cv::split(img, imgPlanes);
for(int i = 0; i < 400; i ++) {
unsigned char* plane0Ptr = imgPlanes[0].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane1Ptr = imgPlanes[1].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane2Ptr = imgPlanes[2].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
for(int j = 0; j < 400; j ++) {
int k = 3 * (i * 400 + j);
plane2Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k];
plane1Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+1];
plane0Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+2];
}
}
cv::merge(imgPlanes, img);
cv::flip(img, img ,0);
cv::namedWindow("openglGrab");
cv::imshow("openglGrab", img);
//cv::waitKey();
cv::imwrite("../img_step2/test.jpg", img);
return 0;
}第3关：OpenGL直线绘制
一.任务描述
根据下面要求，在右侧修改代码，绘制出预期输出的图片。平台会对你编写的代码进行测试。
1.本关任务
理解基本图形元素光栅化的基本原理； 了解和使用OpenGL的生成直线的命令，来验证程序运行结果。
3.具体要求
(1).背景色为黑色，用 glclearcolor 来完成； (2).绘制一个矩形，颜色为(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f)，矩形位置（25.0，25.0，75.0，75.0)； (3).绘制一个直径为10的点，颜色为（0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)，对应的点坐标为原点； (4).利用GL_LINES的绘线方式绘制一条线，其中线段的两个顶点颜色分别为(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)两个顶点的坐标分别为(100.0f, 0.0f),(180.0f, 240.0f); 5.调用向glutReshapeFunC注册的函数
// 提示：写完代码请保存之后再进行评测
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include<stdio.h>
// 评测代码所用头文件-开始
#include<opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
// 评测代码所用头文件-结束
void myDisplay(void)
{
// 请在此添加你的代码
/********** Begin ********/
glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0f,0.0f);
glRectf(25.0,25.0,75.0,75.0);
glPointSize(10);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);
glVertex2f(0.0f,0.0f);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);
glVertex2f(100.0f,0.0f);
glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);
glVertex2f(180.0f,240.0f);
glEnd();
/********** End **********/
glFlush();
}
void Init()
{
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
}
void myReshape(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)w, (GLsizei)h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLdouble)w, 0.0, (GLdouble)h);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);
glutCreateWindow("Hello Point!");
Init();
glutDisplayFunc(myDisplay);
glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);
glutMainLoopEvent();
/*************以下为评测代码，与本次实验内容无关，请勿修改**************/
GLubyte* pPixelData = (GLubyte*)malloc(400 * 400 * 3);//分配内存
GLint viewport[4] = {0};
glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport);
glReadPixels(viewport[0], viewport[1], viewport[2], viewport[3], GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pPixelData);
cv::Mat img;
std::vector<cv::Mat> imgPlanes;
img.create(400, 400, CV_8UC3);
cv::split(img, imgPlanes);
for(int i = 0; i < 400; i ++) {
unsigned char* plane0Ptr = imgPlanes[0].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane1Ptr = imgPlanes[1].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane2Ptr = imgPlanes[2].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
for(int j = 0; j < 400; j ++) {
int k = 3 * (i * 400 + j);
plane2Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k];
plane1Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+1];
plane0Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+2];
}
}
cv::merge(imgPlanes, img);
cv::flip(img, img ,0);
cv::namedWindow("openglGrab");
cv::imshow("openglGrab", img);
//cv::waitKey();
cv::imwrite("../img_step3/test.jpg", img);
return 0;
}第4关：0<k<1直线绘制-DDA算法
一.任务描述
根据下面要求，在右侧修改代码，绘制出预期输出的图片。平台会对你编写的代码进行测试。
1.本关任务
掌握一种基本图形元素光栅化算法，利用OpenGL实现直线光栅化的DDA算法。
3.具体要求
(1).背景色为黑色，用 glclearcolor 来完成； (2).利用DDA算法生成一条直线，线粗为1，直线颜色为(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f),直线两端点坐标为（0，0，200，200）。
// 提示：写完代码请保存之后再进行评测
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include<stdio.h>
// 评测代码所用头文件-开始
#include<opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
// 评测代码所用头文件-结束
void LineDDA(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
{
// 请在此添加你的代码
/********** Begin ********/
int x;
int dy, dx;
int y;
float k;
dx = x1 - x0, dy = y1 - y0;
k = dy / dx;
y = y0;
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glPointSize(1);
for (x = x0; x <= x1; x++)
{
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex2i(x, (int)(y + 0.5));
glEnd();
y += k;
}
/********** End **********/
glFlush();
}
void myDisplay(void)
{
// 请在此添加你的代码
/********** Begin ********/
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
LineDDA( 0, 0, 200, 200);
/********** End **********/
glFlush();
}
void Init()
{
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
}
void myReshape(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)w, (GLsizei)h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLdouble)w, 0.0, (GLdouble)h);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);
glutCreateWindow("Hello Point!");
Init();
glutDisplayFunc(myDisplay);
glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);
glutMainLoopEvent();
/*************以下为评测代码，与本次实验内容无关，请勿修改**************/
GLubyte* pPixelData = (GLubyte*)malloc(400 * 400 * 3);//分配内存
GLint viewport[4] = {0};
glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport);
glReadPixels(viewport[0], viewport[1], viewport[2], viewport[3], GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pPixelData);
cv::Mat img;
std::vector<cv::Mat> imgPlanes;
img.create(400, 400, CV_8UC3);
cv::split(img, imgPlanes);
for(int i = 0; i < 400; i ++) {
unsigned char* plane0Ptr = imgPlanes[0].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane1Ptr = imgPlanes[1].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane2Ptr = imgPlanes[2].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
for(int j = 0; j < 400; j ++) {
int k = 3 * (i * 400 + j);
plane2Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k];
plane1Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+1];
plane0Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+2];
}
}
cv::merge(imgPlanes, img);
cv::flip(img, img ,0);
cv::namedWindow("openglGrab");
cv::imshow("openglGrab", img);
//cv::waitKey();
cv::imwrite("../img_step4/test.jpg", img);
return 0;
}第5关：0<k<1直线绘制-中点算法
一.任务描述
根据下面要求，在右侧修改代码，绘制出预期输出的图片。平台会对你编写的代码进行测试。
1.本关任务
掌握一种基本图形元素光栅化算法，利用OpenGL实现直线光栅化的中点画线算法。
// 提示：写完代码请保存之后再进行评测
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include<stdio.h>
// 评测代码所用头文件-开始
#include<opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
// 评测代码所用头文件-结束
void MidPLine(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
{
// 请在此添加你的代码
/********** Begin ********/
int dx, dy, dt, db, d, x, y;
dx = x1- x0;
dy = y1 - y0;
d = dx - 2*dy;
dt = 2*dx - 2*dy;
db = -2*dy;
x = x0; y = y0;
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glPointSize(1);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex2i(x, y);
glEnd();
while (x < x1)
{
if (d < 0)
{
x++;
y++;
d += dt;
}
else
{
x++;
d += db;
}
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex2i(x, y);
glEnd();
}
/********** End **********/
glFlush();
}
void myDisplay(void)
{
// 请在此添加你的代码
/********** Begin ********/
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
MidPLine(10,50,300,260);
/********** End **********/
glFlush();
}
void Init()
{
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
}
void myReshape(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)w, (GLsizei)h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLdouble)w, 0.0, (GLdouble)h);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);
glutCreateWindow("Hello Point!");
Init();
glutDisplayFunc(myDisplay);
glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);
glutMainLoopEvent();
/*************以下为评测代码，与本次实验内容无关，请勿修改**************/
GLubyte* pPixelData = (GLubyte*)malloc(400 * 400 * 3);//分配内存
GLint viewport[4] = {0};
glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport);
glReadPixels(viewport[0], viewport[1], viewport[2], viewport[3], GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pPixelData);
cv::Mat img;
std::vector<cv::Mat> imgPlanes;
img.create(400, 400, CV_8UC3);
cv::split(img, imgPlanes);
for(int i = 0; i < 400; i ++) {
unsigned char* plane0Ptr = imgPlanes[0].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane1Ptr = imgPlanes[1].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane2Ptr = imgPlanes[2].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
for(int j = 0; j < 400; j ++) {
int k = 3 * (i * 400 + j);
plane2Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k];
plane1Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+1];
plane0Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+2];
}
}
cv::merge(imgPlanes, img);
cv::flip(img, img ,0);
cv::namedWindow("openglGrab");
cv::imshow("openglGrab", img);
//cv::waitKey();//
cv::imwrite("../img_step5/test.jpg", img);
return 0;
}第6关：一般直线绘制
一.任务描述
1.本关任务
在前面关卡的基础上，根据下面具体要求，利用OpenGL画点函数来实现一般直线（所有斜率情况）的绘制算法。
// 提示：写完代码请保存之后再进行评测
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
// 评测代码所用头文件-开始
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
// 评测代码所用头文件-结束
void Line(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
{
// 请在此添加你的代码
/********** Begin ********/
int k=0;
if((x1-x0)*(y1-y0)<0)//斜率为负数
{
k=1;
}
int x=x0,y=y0,dx=abs(x1-x0),dy=abs(y1-y0);
bool f=0;
if(dx<dy)//斜率绝对值大于1
{
f=1;
swap(dx,dy);
swap(x,y);
}
int e=2*dy-dx;
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
for(int i=0;i<dx;i++)
{
if(f==1)
glVertex2f(y,x);
else
glVertex2f(x,y);
x++;
if(e>0)
{
e=e+2*(dy-dx);
if(k==0)
y++;
else
{
y--;
}
}
else
{
e=e+2*dy;
}
}
glEnd();
/********** End **********/
}
void myDisplay(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// 请在此添加你的代码用来测试直线绘制代码
/********** Begin ********/
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glPointSize(3);
Line((261,215,344,275);
Line(344,275,429,213);
Line(429,213,398,319);
Line(398,319,477,384);
Line(477,384,378,385);
Line(378,385,344,491);
Line(344,491,310,384);
Line(310,384,209,382);
Line(209,382,292,319);
/********** End **********/
glFlush();
}
void Init()
{
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
}
void myReshape(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)w, (GLsizei)h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLdouble)w, 0.0, (GLdouble)h);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int width = 800;
int height = 600;
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutInitWindowSize(width, height);
glutCreateWindow("Hello Line!");
Init();
glutDisplayFunc(myDisplay);
glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);
glutMainLoopEvent();
/*************以下为评测代码，与本次实验内容无关，请勿修改**************/
GLubyte* pPixelData = (GLubyte*)malloc(width * height * 3);//分配内存
GLint viewport[4] = {0};
glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport);
glReadPixels(viewport[0], viewport[1], viewport[2], viewport[3], GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pPixelData);
cv::Mat img;
std::vector<cv::Mat> imgPlanes;
img.create(height, width, CV_8UC3);
cv::split(img, imgPlanes);
for(int i = 0; i < height; i ++) {
unsigned char* plane0Ptr = imgPlanes[0].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane1Ptr = imgPlanes[1].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
unsigned char* plane2Ptr = imgPlanes[2].ptr<unsigned char>(i);
for(int j = 0; j < width; j ++) {
int k = 3 * (i * width + j);
plane2Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k];
plane1Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+1];
plane0Ptr[j] = pPixelData[k+2];
}
}
cv::merge(imgPlanes, img);
cv::flip(img, img ,0);
cv::namedWindow("openglGrab");
cv::imshow("openglGrab", img);
//cv::waitKey();//
cv::imwrite("../img_step6/test.jpg", img);
return 0;
}
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