一起学习LeetCode热题100道(15/100)

15.轮转数组(学习)

给定一个整数数组 nums,将数组中的元素向右轮转 k 个位置,其中 k 是非负数。

示例 1:
输入: nums = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], k = 3
输出: [5,6,7,1,2,3,4]
解释:
向右轮转 1 步: [7,1,2,3,4,5,6]
向右轮转 2 步: [6,7,1,2,3,4,5]
向右轮转 3 步: [5,6,7,1,2,3,4]

示例 2:
输入:nums = [-1,-100,3,99], k = 2
输出:[3,99,-1,-100]
解释:
向右轮转 1 步: [99,-1,-100,3]
向右轮转 2 步: [3,99,-1,-100]

提示:
1 <= nums.length <= 105
-231 <= nums[i] <= 231 - 1
0 <= k <= 105

解析:
一、三次反转
1.第一次反转:将整个数组反转。这样,原数组的末尾元素就移动到了数组的开头,但此时数组的其余部分还处于反转状态。
2.第二次反转:将数组的前 k 个元素进行反转。这一步的目的是将原数组的末尾元素(现在位于数组开头)及其之前的元素恢复到它们在旋转后数组中的正确顺序。
3.第三次反转:将剩余的元素(即索引从 k 到 n-1 的元素)进行反转。这一步将剩余的未排序部分(在第一次反转后被反转了)恢复成它们在旋转后数组中的正确顺序。
二、实现步骤
1.计算 k 对数组长度 n 的模,以处理 k 大于 n 的情况。
2.编写一个辅助函数来反转数组的一部分(从 start 到 end 索引)。
3.使用上述三次反转步骤来实现原地旋转。

var rotate = function(nums, k) {
    const n = nums.length;  
    k = k % n; // 处理k大于数组长度的情况  
  
    // 反转整个数组  
    reverse(nums, 0, n - 1);  
    // 反转前k个元素  
    reverse(nums, 0, k - 1);  
    // 反转剩余的元素  
    reverse(nums, k, n - 1);  
  
    // 辅助函数,用于反转数组nums从start到end的部分  
    function reverse(arr, start, end) {  
        while (start < end) {  
            [arr[start], arr[end]] = [arr[end], arr[start]];  
            start++;  
            end--;  
        }  
    } 
};
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