Day 8 字符串

“凡是字符串，都要带引号”
“凡是字符串，都要带引号”
“凡是字符串，都要带引号”
————————————————————————

统计、提取、查找、替换、分割、连接

1. NCHAR( ) 计算字符串长度

> nchar("Hello World")
[1] 11
> nchar(c(12,34,34456))
[1] 2 2 5
> month.name            十二个月份的名字
 [1] "January"   "February"  "March"    
 [4] "April"     "May"       "June"     
 [7] "July"      "August"    "September"
[10] "October"   "November"  "December" 
> nchar(month.name)
 [1] 7 8 5 5 3 4 4 6 9 7 8 8
 *****************nchar（）与length（）的区别：前者返回每个字符串的长度，后者返回字符串的个数
> length(month.name)
[1] 12

2. PASTE( ) 连接字符串 （记得 sep = “ ” ）

> paste(c("everybody","loves","sleep"))
[1] "everybody" "loves"     "sleep"           错误❌不需要用c（）
---------------------------------------
> paste("everybody","loves","sleep")
[1] "everybody loves sleep"            默认空格连接
> paste("everybody","loves","sleep",sep = "-")      sep：连接符 = “   ”  
[1] "everybody-loves-sleep"
 
  
> names <- c("LITTLE A","LITTLE B","LITTLE C")
> paste(names,"love you")
[1] "LITTLE A love you"
[2] "LITTLE B love you"
[3] "LITTLE C love you"                分别相连√√√

3. SUBSTR( ) 提取某几位字符串中的字符 – substring

> substr(month.name,start = 1,stop = 3)
 [1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun"
 [7] "Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov" "Dec"
 
> temp <- substr(month.name,start=1,stop=3)
***********全字母大小写*************
> toupper(temp)
 [1] "JAN" "FEB" "MAR" "APR" "MAY" "JUN"
 [7] "JUL" "AUG" "SEP" "OCT" "NOV" "DEC"
> tolower(temp)
 [1] "jan" "feb" "mar" "apr" "may" "jun"
 [7] "jul" "aug" "sep" "oct" "nov" "dec"

• GREP( ) 、MATCH( ) 匹配函数→类似于索引？位置？

> x <- c("AC","B","A","A+")
> grep("A+",x)
[1] 1 3 4
> grep("A+",x,fixed=T)
[1] 4
> grep("A+",x,fixed=F)
[1] 1 3 4

> match("A+",x)           功能没有那么强大
[1] 4

• STRSPLIT( ) 分割数据串——分割成列表！[ [ ] ]

> path <- c("/usr/local/R")
> strsplit(path,"/")
[[1]]
[1] ""      "usr"   "local" "R"    

> strsplit(c(path,path),"/")
[[1]]
[1] ""      "usr"   "local" "R"    

[[2]]
[1] ""      "usr"   "local" "R"    

• OUTER( ) 相互连接？

> face <- 1:13
> suit <- c("spades","clubs","hearts","diamonds")
> outer(suit,face,FUN = paste)
     [,1]         [,2]        
[1,] "spades 1"   "spades 2"  
[2,] "clubs 1"    "clubs 2"   
[3,] "hearts 1"   "hearts 2"  
[4,] "diamonds 1" "diamonds 2"
     [,3]         [,4]        
[1,] "spades 3"   "spades 4"  
[2,] "clubs 3"    "clubs 4"   
[3,] "hearts 3"   "hearts 4"  
[4,] "diamonds 3" "diamonds 4"
     [,5]         [,6]        
[1,] "spades 5"   "spades 6"  
[2,] "clubs 5"    "clubs 6"   
[3,] "hearts 5"   "hearts 6"  
[4,] "diamonds 5" "diamonds 6"
     [,7]         [,8]        
[1,] "spades 7"   "spades 8"  
[2,] "clubs 7"    "clubs 8"   
[3,] "hearts 7"   "hearts 8"  
[4,] "diamonds 7" "diamonds 8"
     [,9]         [,10]        
[1,] "spades 9"   "spades 10"  
[2,] "clubs 9"    "clubs 10"   
[3,] "hearts 9"   "hearts 10"  
[4,] "diamonds 9" "diamonds 10"
     [,11]         [,12]        
[1,] "spades 11"   "spades 12"  
[2,] "clubs 11"    "clubs 12"   
[3,] "hearts 11"   "hearts 12"  
[4,] "diamonds 11" "diamonds 12"
     [,13]        
[1,] "spades 13"  
[2,] "clubs 13"   
[3,] "hearts 13"  
[4,] "diamonds 13"
> outer(face,suit,FUN =paste,sep="-")
      [,1]        [,2]      
 [1,] "1-spades"  "1-clubs" 
 [2,] "2-spades"  "2-clubs" 
 [3,] "3-spades"  "3-clubs" 
 [4,] "4-spades"  "4-clubs" 
 [5,] "5-spades"  "5-clubs" 
 [6,] "6-spades"  "6-clubs" 
 [7,] "7-spades"  "7-clubs" 
 [8,] "8-spades"  "8-clubs" 
 [9,] "9-spades"  "9-clubs" 
[10,] "10-spades" "10-clubs"
[11,] "11-spades" "11-clubs"
[12,] "12-spades" "12-clubs"
[13,] "13-spades" "13-clubs"
      [,3]        [,4]         
 [1,] "1-hearts"  "1-diamonds" 
 [2,] "2-hearts"  "2-diamonds" 
 [3,] "3-hearts"  "3-diamonds" 
 [4,] "4-hearts"  "4-diamonds" 
 [5,] "5-hearts"  "5-diamonds" 
 [6,] "6-hearts"  "6-diamonds" 
 [7,] "7-hearts"  "7-diamonds" 
 [8,] "8-hearts"  "8-diamonds" 
 [9,] "9-hearts"  "9-diamonds" 
[10,] "10-hearts" "10-diamonds"
[11,] "11-hearts" "11-diamonds"
[12,] "12-hearts" "12-diamonds"
[13,] "13-hearts" "13-diamonds"