论文速递 | Production and Operations Management 2月文章精选

本文讨论了《Production and Operations Management》2 月份发布的 9 篇精选文章，涵盖数字商品转售、冷存储设备排序策略、平台上市影响等多个领域研究。关键要点包括：

1.数字商品转售 ：转售可作管理异质化需求的定价工具，卖方消除交易成本促进转售的分享合同，能实现与二部定价相同效果，充当价格歧视机制。

2.线性冷存储设备 ：研究线性设备数据请求排序以减冷存储响应时间，新算法在平均读取时间上优于 FIFO 等传统策略，为算法选择提供依据。

3.平台上市影响 ：P2P 平台上市前可能降低准入标准扩用户基数提升估值，但会增违约率，特定出借人受影响大，揭示质量与扩张的权衡。

4.车辆路径问题 ：提出的公平工作量分配模型在平衡公平性和效率上优于经典方法，5%成本偏差时公平性中值提升 18%，10%偏差时提升 30%。

5.社交团购 ：未组团客户买正价产品比例高于组团客户，贝叶斯模型引入社交信息后预测购买行为更有效，助公司优化 SGB 设计。

6.数据泄露影响 ：数据泄露使美国医院住院人数降 2.1%、市场份额降 0.28%，多种因素会调节影响，一家泄露会影响同地区其他医院。

7.加速运输 ：订货决策主要受加速运输成本影响，管理者提高指标显著性可干预决策，改进决策是通过放大部分偏差实现 。

编者按

在本系列文章中，我们对顶刊《Production and Operations Management》于2月份发布文章中进行了精选（共9篇），并总结其基本信息，旨在帮助读者快速洞察行业最新动态。

推荐文章1

● 题目：Digital Goods Reselling: Implications on Cannibalization and Price Discrimination

数字商品转售：对产品蚕食效应和价格歧视的影响

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478241305333

● 作者：Hongqiao Chen，Ying-Ju Chen，Yang Li，Xiaoquan (Michael) Zhang，Sean X Zhou

● 发布时间：2025-02-11

● 摘要：

The resale of used products presents the challenge of cannibalization, particularly pronounced in digital goods markets where perfect substitutes are easily replicable. In this article, we assert that, rather than a threat, resale can serve as an effective pricing tool for managing heterogeneous demand. We consider a seller of digital goods/services who offers a contract to a heterogeneous group of customers at a fixed price for a specified amount of usage allowance. Rather than imposing restrictive sharing barriers, the seller allows subscribers to share their allowances with others in a secondary market. Our analysis reveals that the seller’s optimal strategy involves facilitating resale by eliminating transaction costs. The sharing contract effectively achieves the same outcome as a two-part tariff, wherein subscribers pay an entry fee along with a marginal usage rate. Both approaches generate equivalent revenue and market coverage, and result in idential demand and individual surplus for customers of the same type. Consequently, the sharing contract acts as a mechanism for price discrimination. Our finding provides a new perspective on peer-to-peer resales and also challenges the conventional belief that successful price discrimination hinges on preventing resale.

二手商品的转售带来了产品蚕食效应的挑战，特别是在数字商品市场中，由于完美替代品容易复制，这一问题尤为突出。本文认为，转售不仅不是威胁，反而可以作为管理异质化需求的有效定价工具。我们考虑了一位数字商品/服务的卖方，他以固定价格向异质化的顾客群体提供一份合同，允许指定数量的使用配额。与其施加限制性的分享壁垒，卖方允许订阅者在二级市场上与他人共享这些配额。我们的分析表明，卖方的最优策略是通过消除交易成本来促进转售。分享合同有效地实现了与二部定价相同的效果，即订阅者支付入场费和边际使用费。两种方法产生等效的收入和市场覆盖范围，并导致相同类型顾客的需求和个人剩余相同。因此，分享合同充当了价格歧视的机制。我们的发现为P2P转售提供了新的视角，并挑战了传统观点，即成功的价格歧视依赖于防止转售。

推荐文章2

● 题目：Design and Analysis of Efficient Sequencing Policies for Linear Cold Storage Devices

线性冷存储设备的高效排序策略的设计与分析

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478251313785

● 作者：Carlos H Cardonha, Andre A Cire, Lucas C Villa Real

● 发布时间：2025-02-12

● 摘要：

In this article, we investigate the problem of sequencing data requests for linear devices, such as magnetic tapes, to minimize response time in cold-storage solutions for archival data. Tapes are the technology of choice for long-term storage due to their reliability, low costs, security, and significant energy savings. However, physical limitations on tape pose challenges to policy implementation, which must be scalable on low-power hardware. We provide a theoretical and numerical analysis of existing policies and introduce new ones, identifying cases where each is applicable and evaluating their theoretical performance in terms of the number of requested files. In particular, we show that the standard first-in, first-out (FIFO) policy can be arbitrarily inefficient and investigate novel constant-ratio approximations and polynomial-time procedures. If data on the frequency with which each file is accessed is available, we consider a dynamic programming procedure to minimize a stochastic variant of the problem, providing a constant-time approximation for arbitrary file requests. We also investigate a quality criterion based on makespan and explore online variants of the problem. Our numerical analysis, conducted on both synthetic and real-world data from an industry partner, offers insights into when each policy is most appropriate, identifying cases where the proposed algorithms significantly outperform traditional policies, like FIFO, in terms of average reading times. This study has managerial implications, as current data retrieval practices in data centers are often limited to traditional policies with unknown theoretical performance. Our methodological and numerical analysis provides evidence of the value in appropriately sequencing requests based on tape structure, guiding algorithm choice and highlighting underlying trade-offs in response times.

在本文中，我们探讨了针对线性设备（例如磁带）的数据请求排序问题，以最小化归档数据冷存储解决方案中的响应时间。磁带因其高可靠性、低成本、安全性好以及显著的节能效果，成为长期存储的首选技术。然而，磁带的物理限制对策略的实施构成了挑战，而这些策略必须能够在低功耗硬件上实现良好的可扩展性。我们对现有策略进行了理论与数值分析，并提出了新策略，明确了各自的适用情形，并从请求文件数量的角度评估了它们的理论性能。特别地，我们展示了标准的先进先出（FIFO）策略可能存在任意低效的情况，并探讨了新颖的常比率近似算法和多项式时间求解方法。如果能获得各文件访问频率的数据，我们还考虑采用动态规划方法以最小化问题的随机变体，从而为任意文件请求提供一个常数时间的近似解。我们同时探讨了基于完工时间的质量标准，并研究了该问题的在线变体。我们的数值分析基于合成数据以及某产业合作伙伴的真实数据，提供了关于各策略适用时机的深刻见解，并揭示了在平均读取时间方面，所提出的算法相较于传统策略（如FIFO）具有显著优势。本研究具有管理启示意义，因为当前数据中心的数据检索实践往往依赖于理论性能未知的传统策略。我们的方法论和数值分析为基于磁带结构合理排序请求的价值提供了有力证据，不仅指导了算法选择，还凸显了响应时间中的内在权衡。

推荐文章3

● 题目：When Platforms Go Public, Standards Drop

当平台公开上市时，标准会下降

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478241310217

● 作者：Guillaume Lapierre-Berger, Maxime C Cohen, Juan Puyana-Bastin

● 发布时间：2025-02-12

● 摘要：

Peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms facilitate the direct exchange of goods, services, or financial transactions between individuals without the involvement of intermediaries. To maintain trust among their user bases, these platforms must implement stringent access controls to determine which users are eligible to participate in their digital marketplace. We argue that when a platform transitions from private to public ownership, it may be incentivized to strategically lower its access standards and admit users who might otherwise have been deemed unqualified. Lowering standards before an initial public offering (IPO) can enable platforms to rapidly increase their user base—and, consequently, enhance their perceived valuation—which could appeal to stock investors and positively influence the IPO price. While this strategy may bolster short-term growth, it could be costly to the platform’s user base. We support this hypothesis using data from two major P2P lending platforms—one that went public and one that remained private. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we find that the platform preparing for an IPO admitted borrowers who exhibited higher risk levels. Additionally, lenders, in some cases, did not effectively screen out these subpar borrowers and ended up issuing loans to them, leading to higher default rates and lower returns for the lenders. This effect was particularly evident for a specific segment of lenders—namely, those who brokered small-valued loans and loans for necessary purchases (e.g., health emergencies). By contrast, lenders who screened for large-valued loans or loans for discretionary expenditures (e.g., vacations or weddings) were more successful in screening out these subpar borrowers and not issuing loans to them. These results fill a gap in the operations management literature on platform governance by integrating capital-raising objectives into the discussion of access control and operational screening. Our study highlights the nuanced trade-off between quality control and user expansion during capital-raising events, emphasizing both the opportunities and potential inefficiencies that arise in this context.

P2P平台促进了个人之间商品、服务的直接交换和金融交易，而无需中介参与。为了在用户群体中保持信任，这些平台必须实施严格的准入控制，以确定哪些用户有资格参与其数字市场。我们认为，当平台从私有转为公开上市时，可能会有动机策略性地降低准入标准，从而允许本应被视为不合格的用户加入。在首次公开募股（IPO）之前降低标准，可以让平台快速扩大用户基础，从而提升其感知估值，这可能会吸引股票投资者，并对IPO定价产生积极影响。尽管这一策略可能促进短期增长，但却可能对平台的用户群体带来负面影响。我们通过对两个主要P2P借贷平台的数据分析验证了这一假设——其中一个平台公开上市，而另一个保持私有。通过DID分析（Difference-in-Differences），我们发现，为IPO做准备的平台接受了风险水平较高的借款人。此外，部分出借人未能有效筛选出这些资质较差的借款人，并向其发放了贷款，导致更高的违约率和更低的出借回报率。这一现象在特定类型的出借人中尤为明显，特别是那些促成小额贷款和必要性消费贷款（如医疗急需）的出借人。相比之下，那些筛选大额贷款或非必需性消费贷款（如度假或婚礼）的出借人，则更成功地筛除了这些资质较差的借款人，避免了向他们发放贷款。我们的研究通过将资本筹集目标纳入准入控制和操作筛选的讨论中填补了运营管理相关文献空白。本研究强调了在资本筹集活动中，质量控制与用户扩张之间的微妙权衡，并揭示了这一背景下可能出现的机遇与低效。

推荐文章4

● 题目：Equitable Workload Allocation in Vehicle Routing Problem With Heterogeneous Drivers

具有异质性司机的车辆路径问题中的公平工作量分配

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478241305873

● 作者：Vahid Mahmoodian, Hadi Charkhgard, Iman Dayarian

● 发布时间：2025-02-12

● 摘要：

In the private logistics service sector, considerations of fairness among service agents are relatively new but are gaining importance due to public and governmental pressures to improve equity in workload allocation among internal stakeholders, such as the service personnel. Fairness becomes more complex in settings with a heterogeneous workforce due to inherent worker differences. In this study, we present an equitable workload allocation model for the vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous drivers. We adopt the Nash Social Welfare (NSW) solution as the focal point for coalition among the various drivers. In our setup, while the ultimate goal is to maximize the equity and efficiency of drivers, the company’s efficiency is guaranteed by putting a cap on the deviation of the company’s cost from the least-cost solution value. We formulate the problem of last-mile delivery of online orders from a store using a fleet of crowdshippers as a variant of the vehicle routing problem with a highly nonlinear objective function inspired by NSW’s objective function. To solve the proposed new formulation, a column generation method is developed and used to study the behavior of the model. Through a comprehensive computational study, we investigate the behavior of the system in terms of the company’s cost, drivers’ total profit, and the level of achieved equity among the drivers when the main parameters of the problem vary. Our study demonstrates that the proposed framework outperforms the classical max–min approach in balancing workload equity and efficiency. We show a median equity improvement of 18% with a 5% cost deviation and 30% with a 10% deviation from the least-cost solution.

在私人物流服务领域，服务人员之间工作量分配的公平性问题相对较新，但由于公众和政府对内部利益相关者公平性要求的提高，这一问题正变得日益重要。在存在异质性劳动力的情况下，由于工人之间固有的差异性，公平性问题变得更加复杂。本研究针对具有异质性司机的车辆路径问题，提出了一种公平的工作量分配模型。我们采用纳什社会福利（Nash Social Welfare, NSW）解作为各类司机之间结盟的核心原则。在我们的模型中，尽管最终目标是最大化司机的公平性和效率，但通过对公司成本偏离最低成本解的幅度设定上限，确保了公司的运营效率。我们将线上订单的“最后一英里”配送问题，表述为一种使用众包配送车队的车辆路径问题，并采用受到NSW目标函数启发的高度非线性目标函数形式进行建模。为求解这一新模型，我们开发并应用了列生成方法，以分析模型的行为表现。通过全面的计算实验，我们考察了当问题的主要参数变化时，系统在公司成本、司机总利润以及司机间公平性水平等方面的表现。研究结果表明，所提出的框架在工作量公平性和效率平衡方面优于经典的最大-最小（max–min）方法。具体而言，当相较于最低成本解的偏差为5%时，公平性中值提升了18%；而当偏差为10%时，公平性中值提升达30%。

推荐文章5

● 题目：From Social to Purchase: Customer Selection in Social Group Buying

从社交到购买：社交团购中的客户选择

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478241302761

● 作者：Yan Cheng, Shaochong Lin, Zuo-Jun Max Shen

● 发布时间：2025-02-12

● 摘要：

Social scope group buying has emerged as an increasingly popular promotional strategy and has served as a new customer acquisition tool. In the service industry, companies use social group buying (SGB) to recruit new customers and promote full-price products. Through SGB activities, customers can trade their social capital to form buying groups, experience SGB-offered sample products, and further alleviate uncertainty regarding expensive full-price products before making a final purchase. We investigate this novel SGB phenomenon by examining customers’ decisions throughout the “experience-conversion” process. In collaboration with a leading online educational platform, we examine customers’ grouping behavior during SGB activities and analyze their subsequent purchases. Our analysis reveals an interesting pattern in which non-grouped customers have a higher proportion of full-price product purchases than grouped customers. We postulate that, in addition to observations from operational data, unobserved social information is important for gaining a deeper understanding of the customer behaviors underlying this pattern. Employing a Bayesian learning framework, we model customers’ three-stage discrete-choice decision-making processes and quantify two influential social information factors: social cost and social learning. By incorporating social information, our Bayesian learning model demonstrates improved effectiveness in assisting companies with accurately predicting final purchases in the conversion process. We provide actionable insights into how companies can employ our model to strategically tailor SGB designs by customer segments to increase overall purchase rates. Our study sheds light on the significance of social information in enhancing customer management and refining SGB design.

社交团购已成为一种日益流行的促销策略，并作为获取新客户的工具。在服务行业中，公司利用社交团购（Social Group Buying, SGB）来吸引新客户并推广正价产品。通过SGB活动，客户可以利用其社交资本组建购买团体，体验SGB提供的样品产品，从而在最终购买前缓解对高价正价产品的不确定性。本研究通过考察客户在“体验-转化”过程中的决策，深入探讨了这一新颖的SGB现象。我们与一家领先的在线教育平台合作，分析了客户在SGB活动中的组团行为及其后续购买情况。分析结果显示了一个有趣的现象：未组团客户购买正价产品的比例高于已组团客户。我们推测，除了数据中的可观测信息外，未被观测到的社交信息对于深入理解这一现象背后的客户行为至关重要。为此，我们采用贝叶斯学习框架，建立了客户三阶段离散选择决策过程的模型，并量化了两个重要的社交信息因素：社交成本和社交学习。通过引入社交信息，我们的贝叶斯学习模型在准确预测转化过程中最终购买行为方面，表现出了更高的有效性。基于此模型，我们提供了可操作的策略性见解，以帮助公司根据不同客户细分群体，制定更具针对性的SGB设计，从而提高整体购买率。本研究揭示了社交信息在提升客户管理和优化SGB设计中的重要性。

推荐文章6

● 题目：Execution Failures in Retail Supply Chains—A Virtual Reality Experiment

零售供应链中的执行失败——一项虚拟现实实验  

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478241275066

● 作者：Nicole DeHoratius, Özgür Gürerk, Dorothée Honhon, Kyle Hyndman

● 发布时间：2025-02-12

● 摘要：

Retail store employees are increasingly being asked to pick orders from inventory. These tasks are performed under intense conditions and are often made more difficult because of high product variety and high degrees of product similarity. We conduct a real-effort task in a virtual environment where subjects must sort cubes into bins. We study task complexity by varying the degree of similarity between the cubes and task intensity by varying the arrival rate of the cube. We focus on four performance metrics: Throughput (number of cubes sorted per minute), Accuracy (percentage of correctly sorted cubes), Productivity (number of correctly sorted cubes per minute), and Error Rate (number of incorrectly sorted cubes per minute). Reducing task complexity increases productivity by as much as 38.2%, and the error rate falls by as much as 93.6%. It also leads to more efficient movements, according to a detailed analysis of our subjects' motion. Increasing task intensity improves throughput but decreases accuracy slightly while varying task intensity improves performance via faster learning. We also observe that subjects tend to cut corners when the task is more complex or more intense.

零售店员工被要求从库存中拣选订单的情况日益增多。这些任务通常在高压条件下进行，并且由于产品种类繁多和高度相似性而变得更加困难。我们在虚拟环境中设计了一项真实努力任务，要求参与者将立方体分类放入不同的箱子中。通过调整立方体之间的相似程度来研究任务复杂性，并通过调整立方体到达的频率来研究任务强度。我们关注四项绩效指标：吞吐量（每分钟分类的立方体数量）、准确率（正确分类的比例）、生产率（每分钟正确分类的立方体数量）和错误率（每分钟错误分类的立方体数量）。结果显示，降低任务复杂性可使生产率提高多达38.2%，错误率则下降多达93.6%，且参与者的动作更为高效。增加任务强度能提高吞吐量，但会略微降低准确率，而调整任务强度则通过加快学习速度提升了整体表现。我们还发现，当任务更复杂或更高强度时，参与者更倾向于采取捷径。

推荐文章7

● 题目：Two Heads Are Better than One: Task Division and Decision Control in Inventory Planning

三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮：库存规划中的任务分工与决策控制  

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478241309465

● 作者：Young Soo Park, Yun Shin Lee, Enno Siemsen

● 发布时间：2025-02-12

● 摘要：

We examine when and how task division improves performance for inventory planning. Specifically, we consider a decentralized inventory management context with two interdependent subtasks: preparing a forecast and setting a service level. Using a behavioral experiment, we reveal that the task challenge moderates the relationship between task division and performance. Our findings indicate that task division improves performance when the task becomes more challenging, such as under high demand uncertainty. It facilitates counteracting behavior, where individuals adjust their decisions to counterbalance their partner's errors, leading to more stabilized final decisions. We identify this counteracting behavior as a critical mechanism driving the benefits of task division, mainly when subtasks are interdependent. We demonstrate the robustness of our findings by examining an egalitarian system, where decision-making authority is shared among team members, and a hierarchical system, where decision control resides entirely with one team member.

我们研究了任务分工在何时以及如何提升库存规划绩效。具体而言，我们考察了包含两个相互依赖子任务（预测准备和服务水平设定）的去中心化库存管理场景。通过行为实验，我们发现任务难度调节了任务分工与绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明，当任务难度增加（例如，高需求不确定性）时，任务分工能够提升绩效。这是因为分工促进了“对抗性行为”，即个体会调整决策以抵消其伙伴的错误，从而使最终决策更加稳定。我们将这种对抗性行为视为推动任务分工带来绩效提升的关键机制，尤其是在子任务相互依赖的情况下。我们在两种决策体系下进行了稳健性分析：一是平等制（团队成员共享决策权），二是层级制（决策控制权完全归属一名团队成员）。

推荐文章8

● 题目：Unraveling the Impact of Data Breaches: Evidence From the US Healthcare Sector

揭示数据泄露的影响：来自美国医疗行业的证据

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478241305351

● 作者：Juhee Kwon，M Eric Johnson

● 发布时间：2025-02-12

● 摘要：

As data breaches become an increasingly common risk, they are now a matter of “when” rather than “if.” While there has been active research on breaches, much of the work has focused on the antecedents and prevention of breaches, leaving the quantitative ramifications and variations in breach impact relatively unexplored. To address this gap, our study quantifies the impact of breaches on operational performance and identifies how operational, technological, and market factors moderate the impact. Using a quasi-experimental design with a difference-in-differences technique and propensity score matching, we analyzed a matched sample of 1,766 US hospitals, consisting of 883 breached hospitals and their non-breached peers from 2010 to 2017. We find that breached hospitals experience a 2.1% reduction in hospital admissions and a 0.28% decrease in market share. Moreover, network affiliation, decentralized governance, and cloud-based information technology services negatively moderate breach impacts, while IT security systems for detection, identity governance, and recovery provide mitigating effects. Additionally, we find that breaches in one hospital spillover to affect non-breached hospitals in the same local market. Our findings contribute to the operations management and security literature and provide managerial insights for enhancing breach resilience. Understanding these moderating factors can help hospital managers and policymakers formulate tailored mitigation strategies.

随着数据泄露成为越来越普遍的风险，它已经从“是否发生”变成了“何时发生”的问题。尽管已有大量关于数据泄露的研究，许多研究主要集中在数据泄露的前因和预防措施上，关于数据泄露对运营影响的定量后果和差异性研究则相对较少。为填补这一空白，本研究量化了数据泄露对运营绩效的影响，并识别了运营、技术和市场因素如何调节这一影响。我们采用了准实验设计，结合DID和倾向得分匹配，分析了2010年至2017年间1,766家美国医院的匹配样本，其中包括883家发生数据泄露的医院及其没有发生泄露的同行医院。研究发现，发生数据泄露的医院住院人数减少了2.1%，市场份额下降了0.28%。此外，网络隶属关系、去中心化治理和基于云的信息技术服务会加剧泄露的负面影响，而用于检测、身份治理和系统恢复的IT安全系统具有缓解作用。此外，我们还发现，一家医院的泄露事件会溢出影响到同一地区市场内没有发生泄露的医院。我们的研究为运营管理和安全领域的文献做出了贡献，并为提升应对数据泄露的能力提供了管理层的见解。理解这些调节因素可以帮助医院管理者和政策制定者制定个性化策略。

推荐文章9

● 题目：Expedited Shipping to Meet a Target Service Level: Analytical Recommendations and Behavioral Biases

加速运输以满足目标服务水平：分析建议与行为偏差

● 原文链接：https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10591478241303662

● 作者：Sebastián Villa, Jaime Andrés Castañeda, Gloria Urrea

● 发布时间：2025-02-12

● 摘要：

Maintaining a high service level with customers involves a fundamental tradeoff between investing in inventory and investing in expediting the shipping of the additional units needed to achieve that service level. We use a multi-method approach to show how and when ordering decisions are influenced by different levels of expediting costs and target service levels. First, we derive a mathematical model that provides a closed-form solution to this tradeoff. Second, we run a behavioral study to show how increments in the expediting cost and the target service level impact buyers’ ordering behavior. Results show that ordering decisions are influenced mainly by the expediting cost. Our econometric estimations provide a generalization of the pull-to-center effect to a setting with expedited shipping. Moreover, we find that buyers adjust their orders only when facing a high target service level. To reduce the observed behavioral biases, we propose that managers can increase the salience of key performance metrics in the buyers’ decision-making process. We test for the role of salience with a second behavioral study and a behavioral model. Results show that the extent to which salient information helps improve buyers’ ordering decisions depends on the level of the expediting cost. Interestingly, our behavioral model highlights how ordering decisions improve not by eliminating people’s biases but by amplifying some of those biases. We contribute to the literature on expedited shipping and behavioral operations, and provide practical recommendations for how managers can improve ordering decisions.

保持高水平的客户服务涉及在投资库存和加速运输额外单位以实现该服务水平之间做出根本的权衡。我们采用多种方法展示了不同的加速运输成本和目标服务水平在何时以及如何影响订货决策。首先，我们推导了一个数学模型，为这一权衡提供了封闭解。其次，我们进行了一项行为研究，展示了加速运输成本和目标服务水平的增加如何影响买家的订货行为。研究结果表明，订货决策主要受到加速运输成本的影响。我们的计量经济学估算提供了“拉向中心效应”在加速运输场景中的广义应用。此外，我们发现，买家只有在面对较高的目标服务水平时，才会调整订单。为了减少观察到的行为偏差，我们建议管理者通过提高关键绩效指标在买家决策过程中的显著性来进行干预。我们通过第二项行为研究和一个行为模型测试了显著性的作用。结果表明，显著信息帮助改善买家订货决策的程度取决于加速运输成本的水平。有趣的是，我们的行为模型突出了订货决策的改进并不是通过消除人们的偏差，而是通过放大其中一些偏差来实现的。我们的研究为加速运输和行为运营领域的文献做出了贡献，并为管理者提供了如何改善订货决策的实际建议。