数据科学库(matplotlib折线图、散点图、条形图、直方图)

折线图

# coding=utf-8
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import random
import matplotlib
from matplotlib import font_manager

#windws和linux设置字体的放
# font = {'family' : 'MicroSoft YaHei',
#         'weight': 'bold',
#         'size': 'larger'}
# matplotlib.rc("font",**font)
matplotlib.rc("font",family='MicroSoft YaHei',weight="bold")

#另外一种设置字体的方式
#my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/PingFang.ttc")

x = range(0,120)
y = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)]

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.plot(x,y)

#调整x轴的刻度
_xtick_labels = ["10点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
_xtick_labels += ["11点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
#取步长，数字和字符串一一对应，数据的长度一样
plt.xticks(list(x)[::3],_xtick_labels[::3],rotation=45) #rotaion旋转的度数

#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间")
plt.ylabel("温度 单位(℃)")
plt.title("10点到12点每分钟的气温变化情况")
#绘制网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.1)
#添加图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font,loc="upper left")

plt.show()

散点图

# coding=utf-8
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

x_3 = range(1,32)
x_10 = range(51,82)

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

#使用scatter方法绘制散点图,和之前绘制折线图的唯一区别
plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label="3月份")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label="10月份")

#调整x轴的刻度
_x = list(x_3)+list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10月{}日".format(i-50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::3],_xtick_labels[::3],fontproperties=my_font,rotation=45)

#添加图例
plt.legend(loc="upper left",prop=my_font)

#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("标题",fontproperties=my_font)
#展示
plt.show()

条形图

#绘制横着的条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")


a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]


#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
#绘制条形图；正常条形图plt.bar（）
plt.barh(range(len(a)),b,height=0.3,color="orange")
#设置字符串到x轴
plt.yticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font)

plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
# plt.savefig("./movie.png")

plt.show()

直方图

# coding=utf-8
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]


print(len(interval),len(width),len(quantity))

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)



plt.bar(range(12),quantity,width=1)

#设置x轴的刻度
_x = [i-0.5 for i in range(13)]
_xtick_labels =  interval+[150]
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels)

plt.grid(alpha=0.4)
plt.show()