泛型算法和函数对象

TOC泛型算法和函数对象

泛型算法

copy 拷贝

//模拟实现拷贝

template <typename INSERT_IT, typename IT>
void my_copy(const IT &first,const IT &last, INSERT_IT insert_it)
{
	IT tmp = first;
	for (; tmp != last; tmp++)
	{
		*insert_it = *tmp;
	}
}
int main()
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for (int i = 0; i <10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	//		迭代器区间           拷贝到输出流迭代器
	my_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));//完成输出v1
	cout << endl;

	vector<int> v2;
	my_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), inserter(v2, v2.begin()));
	my_copy(v2.begin(), v2.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));//完成输出v2
	return 0;

find 查找

	template <typename I, typename IT>
IT mfind(const IT& first, const IT &last, const I &val)//返回值为迭代器类型
{
	IT tmp = first;
	for (; tmp != last; tmp++)
	{
		if (*tmp == val)
		{
			return tmp;
		}
	}
	return last;
}
	
	int main()
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for (int i = 0; i <10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	//		迭代器区间           拷贝到输出流迭代器
	my_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));//完成输出v1
	cout << endl;
	
	vector<int>::iterator it=mfind(v1.begin(), v1.end(), 5);
	if (it == v1.end())//等于第二个参数，没找到
	{
		cout << "not find" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << *it << endl;
	}
return 0;

sort 排序

从小到大排序

template <typename T>
void mswap(T&a, T&b)
{
	T tmp = a;
	a = b;
	b = tmp;
}

template <typename IT>
void msort(const IT& first, const IT& last)  //用选择排序来实现
{

	for (IT tmp = first; tmp != last; tmp++)
	{
		for (IT tmp1 = tmp + 1; tmp1 != last; tmp1++)
		{
			if (!(*tmp < *tmp1))
			//if (!pre(*tmp, *tmp1))
			{
				mswap(*tmp, *tmp1);
			}
		}
	}
}
int main()
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for (int i = 10; i >0; i--)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	//		迭代器区间           拷贝到输出流迭代器
	my_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));//完成输出v1
	cout << endl;
	//从小到大排序
	msort(v1.begin(), v1.end());
	my_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));

通过函数对象，实现从小到大（less)排序，
或从大到小（greater)排序

template <typename IT,typename PRE>
void msort(const IT& first, const IT& last,PRE pre)  
{
	
	for (IT tmp = first; tmp != last; tmp++)
	{
		for (IT tmp1 = tmp + 1; tmp1 != last; tmp1++)
		{
			
			if(!pre(*tmp,*tmp1))
			{
				mswap(*tmp, *tmp1);
			}
		}
	}
}

第三个参数为Mless的对象
msort(v1.begin(), v1.end(),Mless());

find_if

查找第一个小于10的

template <typename IT,typename PRE>
IT mfind_if(const IT& first, const IT& last, PRE pre)//传入绑定器的对象
{
	IT tmp = first;
	for (; tmp != last; tmp++)
	{
		//if (*tmp < 10)
		//if(less(*tmp,10))
		//外界会将10传进来 拿到tmp和10进行比较，是否满足查找条件
		if(pre(*tmp))//给pre对象传入遍历的tmp的值 看它是否满足
		{
			return tmp;
		}
	}
	return last;
}

int main()
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for (int i = 10; i >0; i--)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	//		迭代器区间           拷贝到输出流迭代器
	my_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));//完成输出v1
	cout << endl;
//查找第一个小于10的元素												//绑定Mless对象的第二个参数
	vector<int>::iterator it1=find_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), binder2nd<Mless<int>>(Mless<int>(),10));
	if (it1 == v1.end())//等于第二个参数，没找到
	{
		cout << "not find" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << *it1 << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

函数对象

less <

//函数对象
template<typename T>
class Mless
{
public:
	bool operator()(T a, T b)//重载括号运算符
	{
		cout << "bool operator()(T a, T b)" << endl;
		return a < b;
	}
};

template<typename T>
bool  mless(T a, T b)
{
	return a < b;
}

int main()
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for (int i = 10; i >0; i--)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	//		迭代器区间           拷贝到输出流迭代器
	my_copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));//完成输出v1
	cout << endl;

	
	
	Mless<int>_less;
	_less(10, 20);

greater >

template<typename T>
class Mgreater
{
public:
	bool operator()(T a, T b)
	{
		cout << "bool operator()(T a, T b)" << endl;
		return a > b;
	}
};

binder1st 绑定器 给函数对象绑定第一个参数

//绑定器1
template<typename PRE>
class Mbinder1st
{
public:
	Mbinder1st(PRE pre, typename PRE::TYPE_FIRST val)
		:_pre(pre), _val(val)
	{
	}
	typename PRE::TYPE_RET operator()(typename PRE::TYPE_SECOND tmp)   //绑定器本身也是一个函数对象
							//给函数对象的第一个参数绑定参数，其余参数由外界传入
	{
		return _pre(_val,tmp);
	}
private:
	PRE _pre;
	typename PRE::TYPE_FIRST _val;
};

binder2nd 给函数对象绑定第二个参数

//函数对象  
template<typename T>
class Mless
{
public:
	typedef T TYPE_FIRST;
	typedef T TYPE_SECOND;
	typedef bool TYPE_RET//返回值类型
	bool operator()(T a, T b) //重载括号运算符
	{
		cout << "bool operator()(T a, T b)" << endl;
		return a < b;
	}
};


//绑定器2   给函数参数绑定参数
template<typename PRE>
class Mbinder2nd
{
public:
	Mbinder2nd(PRE pre,typename PRE::TYPE_SECOND val)
		:_pre(pre), _val(val)
	{

	}
	typename PRE::TYPE_RET operator()(typename PRE::TYPE_FIRST tmp)   //绑定器本身也是一个函数对象
							//给函数对象的第二个参数绑定参数，其余参数由外界传入
	{
		return _pre(tmp, _val);
	}
private:
	PRE _pre;
	typename PRE::TYPE_SECOND _val;
};