C++学习笔记（第二天）

1.字符型变量

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	char a = 'd';

	cout << a << endl;
	cout << "字符类型的大小是:" << sizeof('d') << endl;
	cout << "字符类型的大小是:" << sizeof('a') << endl;
	cout << "字符d的ASCLL码是：" << (int)a << endl;	//强转成整形查看ASCLL码

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.转义字符

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//换行符\n
	cout << "hello world\n" << endl;
	//反斜杠\\(输出一个\字符)
	cout << "\\\n" << endl;
	//水平制表符 \t(让hello world对齐)作用就是整齐输出数据
	cout << "aaa\thello world\n" << endl;
	cout << "aaaaa\thello world\n" << endl;
	cout << "aa\thello world\n" << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3.字符串：char 变量名[ ] = ”字符串“；

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;


int main()
{
	//c风格的字符串创建
	char str[] = "hello world";
	cout << str << endl;

	//c++风格字符串的创建
	string str2 = "hello world";//必须包含string头文件
	cout << str2 << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

4.布尔类型

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	bool flag = true;//为0为假返回0，非0为真返回1
	flag = false;
	flag = 3;

	cout << flag << endl;
	cout << "bool类型所占字节大小为：" << sizeof(bool) << endl;	//打印结果为1

	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

5.数据的输入：关键字:cin

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	/*
	//整形
	int a = 0;
	cout << "请给整型变量a赋值：" << endl;
	cin >> a;
	cout << "整型变量a = " << a << endl;
	//浮点型
	float b = 9.432;
	cout << "请给浮点型变量赋值：" << endl;
	cin >> b;
	cout << "浮点型变量b = " << b << endl;
	//字符型
	char c = 's';
	cout << "请给字符型变量赋值：" << endl;
	cin >> c;
	cout << "字符型变量c = " << c << endl;
	//字符串型
	char d[] = "";
	cout << "请给字符串变量赋值：" << endl;
	cin >> d;
	cout << "字符串型变量d = " << d << endl;
	string str = "\0";
	cout << "请给字符串变量赋值：" << endl;
	cin >> str;
	cout << "字符串型变量str = " << str << endl;*/
	//布尔类型
	bool flag = 2;
	cout << "请给布尔类型赋值" << endl;
	cin >> flag;
	cout << "布尔类型的值flag = " << flag << endl;
	

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.算术运算符

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//加减乘除
	int a1 = 20;
	int b1 = 3;
	float c1 = 13.2;
	int d1 = 0;
	cout << "a1 + b1 = " << a1 + b1 <<endl;
	cout << "a1 - b1 = " << a1 - b1 << endl;
	cout << "a1 * b1 = " << a1 * b1 << endl;
	cout << "a1 / b1 = " << a1 / b1 << endl;	//两整数相除结果依然是整数
	cout << "c1 / b1 = " << c1 / b1 << endl;	
	cout << "a1 / c1 = " << a1 / c1 << endl;	//两个数有一个是小数才能是小数
	//cout << "a1 / d1 = " << a1 / d1 << endl;	//两整数相除除数不能为零
	cout << "a1 % b1 = " << a1 % b1 << endl;	//取余符号的两边都必须是整数，且除数也不能为0


	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

7.递增递减运算符

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


int main()
{
	int a = 1;
	int b1 = a++ *10;
	int b2 = ++a * 10;
	//前置递增
	++a;	//先让变量进行+1，后进行表达式运算
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;	//4
	//后置递增
	a++;	//先进行表达式的运算在+1
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;	//5

	cout << "b1 = " << b1 << endl;	//10
	cout << "b2 = " << b2 << endl;	//30

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

8.赋值运算符

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	a = 100;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	a -= 2;	//a-2 = ?
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	a += 2; //a+2 = ?
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	a *= 4; //a*4 = ?
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	a /= 4; //a/4 = ?
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	a %= 1; //a%1 =?
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

9.比较运算符

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;
	
	cout << (a == b) << endl;
	cout << (a != b) << endl;
	cout << (a <= b) << endl;
	cout << (a >= b) << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}