一、红黑树
红黑树作为set和map的底层容器,既要实现插入key又要实现插入pair,所以做了稍许的改动,使其成为一颗泛型结构的红黑树,通过不同的实例化参数,实现set和map。如果要生成set,就传(key,key);如果要生成map,就传(key,pair),由第二个参数来控制生成容器的结构。
改动
在定义模板的红黑树节点时,由template<class K, class V>
改为template<class T>
,因为是泛型,所以原本的pair<K, V> _kv;
改为T _data;
。红黑树的模板template<class K, class V>
也改为template<class T>
,在内部代码中,将所有的pair<K, V>
都改为T
,kv
改为data
。
在模拟实现set时,定义成员变量为RBTree<K, K> _t;
,在模拟实现map的时候,定义成员变量为RBTree<K, pair<K, V>> _t;
。但是在插入的过程中,比较大小时,不能用data来比较,因为对于map而言,data是pair,要用pair中的first来比较,可以使用仿函数来实现。
set的底层成员
RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT> _t;
map的底层成员
RBTree<K, pair<K, V>, MapKeyOfT> _t;
红黑树的迭代器
红黑树的begin迭代器是整棵树的最左侧节点,end迭代器是空。
迭代器++分为两种情况,如果该节点右子树不为空,就找右子树的最左节点。如果该节点的右子树为空,就找祖先里面孩子不是祖先的右的那个。
迭代器–分为两种情况,如果该节点右子树不为空,就找左子树的最右节点。如果该节点的右子树为空,就找祖先里面孩子不是祖先的左的那个。
泛型红黑树
#pragma once
enum Colour
{
RED,
BLACK
};
template<class T>
struct RBTreeNode
{
RBTreeNode<T>* _left;
RBTreeNode<T>* _right;
RBTreeNode<T>* _parent;
T _data;
Colour _col;
RBTreeNode(const T& data)
:_left(nullptr)
, _right(nullptr)
, _parent(nullptr)
, _data(data)
{}
};
template<class T, class Ref, class Ptr> //此处的模版参数采用三个可以同时兼顾类型,引用,指针
struct __RBTreeIterator
{
typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
typedef __RBTreeIterator<T, Ref, Ptr> Self;
Node* _node;
__RBTreeIterator(Node* node)
:_node(node)
{}
Ref operator*()
{
return _node->_data;
}
Ptr operator->()
{
return &_node->_data;
}
bool operator!=(const Self& s) const
{
return _node != s._node;
}
bool operator==(const Self& s) const
{
return _node == s._node;
}
Self& operator++()
{
if (_node->_right)
{
// 下一个就是右子树的最左节点
Node* left = _node->_right;
while (left->_left)
{
left = left->_left;
}
_node = left;
}
else
{
// 找祖先里面孩子不是祖先的右的那个
Node* parent = _node->_parent;
Node* cur = _node;
while (parent && cur == parent->_right)
{
cur = cur->_parent;
parent = parent->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
return *this;
}
Self& operator--()
{
if (_node->_left)
{
// 下一个是左子树的最右节点
Node* right = _node->_left;
while (right->_right)
{
right = right->_right;
}
_node = right;
}
else
{
// 孩子不是父亲的左的那个祖先
Node* parent = _node->_parent;
Node* cur = _node;
while (parent && cur == parent->_left)
{
cur = cur->_parent;
parent = parent->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
return *this;
}
};
template<class K, class T, class KeyOfT>
struct RBTree
{
typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
public:
typedef __RBTreeIterator<T, T&, T*> iterator;
iterator begin()
{
Node* left = _root;
while (left && left->_left)
{
left = left->_left;
}
return iterator(left);
}
iterator end()
{
return iterator(nullptr);
}
pair<iterator, bool> Insert(const T& data)
{
KeyOfT kot;
if (_root == nullptr)
{
_root = new Node(data);
_root->_col = BLACK;
return make_pair(iterator(_root), true);
}
Node* parent = nullptr;
Node* cur = _root;
while (cur)
{
if (kot(cur->_data) < kot(data))
{
parent = cur;
cur = cur->_right;
}
else if (kot(cur->_data) > kot(data))
{
parent = cur;
cur = cur->_left;
}
else
{
return make_pair(iterator(cur), false);
}
}
cur = new Node(data);
Node* newnode = cur;
cur->_col = RED;
if (kot(parent->_data) < kot(data))
{
parent->_right = cur;
}
else
{
parent->_left = cur;
}
cur->_parent = parent;
while (parent && parent->_col == RED)
{
Node* grandfater = parent->_parent;
assert(grandfater);
assert(grandfater->_col == BLACK);
// 关键看叔叔
if (parent == grandfater->_left)
{
Node* uncle = grandfater->_right;
// 情况一 : uncle存在且为红,变色+继续往上处理
if (uncle && uncle->_col == RED)
{
parent->_col = uncle->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
// 继续往上处理
cur = grandfater;
parent = cur->_parent;
}// 情况二+三:uncle不存在 + 存在且为黑
else
{
// 情况二:右单旋+变色
// g
// p u
// c
if (cur == parent->_left)
{
RotateR(grandfater);
parent->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
}
else
{
// 情况三:左右单旋+变色
// g
// p u
// c
RotateL(parent);
RotateR(grandfater);
cur->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
}
break;
}
}
else // (parent == grandfater->_right)
{
Node* uncle = grandfater->_left;
// 情况一
if (uncle && uncle->_col == RED)
{
parent->_col = uncle->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
// 继续往上处理
cur = grandfater;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
else
{
// 情况二:左单旋+变色
// g
// u p
// c
if (cur == parent->_right)
{
RotateL(grandfater);
parent->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
}
else
{
// 情况三:右左单旋+变色
// g
// u p
// c
RotateR(parent);
RotateL(grandfater);
cur->_col = BLACK;
grandfater->_col = RED;
}
break;
}
}
}
_root->_col = BLACK;
return make_pair(iterator(newnode), true);
}
void InOrder()
{
_InOrder(_root);
cout << endl;
}
bool IsBalance()
{
if (_root == nullptr)
{
return true;
}
if (_root->_col == RED)
{
cout << "根节点不是黑色" << endl;
return false;
}
// 黑色节点数量基准值
int benchmark = 0;
return PrevCheck(_root, 0, benchmark);
}
private:
bool PrevCheck(Node* root, int blackNum, int& benchmark)
{
if (root == nullptr)
{
//cout << blackNum << endl;
//return;
if (benchmark == 0)
{
benchmark = blackNum;
return true;
}
if (blackNum != benchmark)
{
cout << "某条黑色节点的数量不相等" << endl;
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
if (root->_col == BLACK)
{
++blackNum;
}
if (root->_col == RED && root->_parent->_col == RED)
{
cout << "存在连续的红色节点" << endl;
return false;
}
return PrevCheck(root->_left, blackNum, benchmark)
&& PrevCheck(root->_right, blackNum, benchmark);
}
void _InOrder(Node* root)
{
if (root == nullptr)
{
return;
}
_InOrder(root->_left);
cout << root->_kv.first << ":" << root->_kv.second << endl;
_InOrder(root->_right);
}
void RotateL(Node* parent)
{
Node* subR = parent->_right;
Node* subRL = subR->_left;
parent->_right = subRL;
if (subRL)
subRL->_parent = parent;
Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;
subR->_left = parent;
parent->_parent = subR;
if (_root == parent)
{
_root = subR;
subR->_parent = nullptr;
}
else
{
if (ppNode->_left == parent)
{
ppNode->_left = subR;
}
else
{
ppNode->_right = subR;
}
subR->_parent = ppNode;
}
}
void RotateR(Node* parent)
{
Node* subL = parent->_left;
Node* subLR = subL->_right;
parent->_left = subLR;
if (subLR)
{
subLR->_parent = parent;
}
Node* ppNode = parent->_parent;
subL->_right = parent;
parent->_parent = subL;
if (_root == parent)
{
_root = subL;
subL->_parent = nullptr;
}
else
{
if (ppNode->_left == parent)
{
ppNode->_left = subL;
}
else
{
ppNode->_right = subL;
}
subL->_parent = ppNode;
}
}
private:
Node* _root = nullptr;
};
二、用泛型红黑树模拟实现set
#include "TRBTree.hPP"
namespace Jared
{
template<class K>
class set
{
//仿函数实现比较
struct SetKeyOfT
{
const K& operator()(const K& key)
{
return key;
}
};
public:
typedef typename RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT>::iterator iterator;
//typename告诉编译器这一段代码是类型,不是静态变量
iterator begin()
{
return _t.begin();
}
iterator end()
{
return _t.end();
}
pair<iterator, bool> insert(const K& key)
{
return _t.Insert(key);
}
private:
RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT> _t;
};
}
三、用泛型红黑树模拟实现map
#include "TRBTree.hPP"
namespace Jared
{
template<class K, class V>
class map
{
//仿函数实现比较
struct MapKeyOfT
{
const K& operator()(const pair<K, V>& kv)
{
return kv.first;
}
};
public:
typedef typename RBTree<K, pair<K, V>, MapKeyOfT>::iterator iterator;
//typename告诉编译器这一段代码是类型,不是静态变量
iterator begin()
{
return _t.begin();
}
iterator end()
{
return _t.end();
}
pair<iterator, bool> insert(const pair<K, V>& kv)
{
return _t.Insert(kv);
}
V& operator[](const K& key)
{
pair<iterator, bool> ret = insert(make_pair(key, V()));
return ret.first->second;
}
private:
RBTree<K, pair<K, V>, MapKeyOfT> _t;
};
}