AQS源码分析

目录

前言

源码

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前言

AQS的全称是AbstractQueuedSynchronizer（抽象队列同步器），是用来构建锁和其他同步组件的基础框架，它也是Java并发工具类的基础

源码

AQS中主要维护了state（锁状态的表示）和一个可阻塞的等待队列

    /**
     * The synchronization state.
     */
    private volatile int state;

    /**
     * Returns the current value of synchronization state.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read.
     * @return current state value
     */
    protected final int getState() {
        return state;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of synchronization state.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} write.
     * @param newState the new state value
     */
    protected final void setState(int newState) {
        state = newState;
    }

    /**
     * Atomically sets synchronization state to the given updated
     * value if the current state value equals the expected value.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
     * and write.
     *
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that the actual
     *         value was not equal to the expected value.
     *
     *通过CAS操作修改state
     */
    protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
        return U.compareAndSetInt(this, STATE, expect, update);
    }

state一共有get.,set和compareAndSetState 三个方法，都是原子性操作。

//CLH Node

abstract static class Node {
        volatile Node prev;       // initially attached via casTail
        volatile Node next;       // visibly nonnull when signallable
        Thread waiter;            // visibly nonnull when enqueued
        volatile int status;      // written by owner, atomic bit ops by others

        // methods for atomic operations
        final boolean casPrev(Node c, Node v) {  // for cleanQueue
            return U.weakCompareAndSetReference(this, PREV, c, v);
        }
        final boolean casNext(Node c, Node v) {  // for cleanQueue
            return U.weakCompareAndSetReference(this, NEXT, c, v);
        }
        final int getAndUnsetStatus(int v) {     // for signalling
            return U.getAndBitwiseAndInt(this, STATUS, ~v);
        }
        final void setPrevRelaxed(Node p) {      // for off-queue assignment
            U.putReference(this, PREV, p);
        }
        final void setStatusRelaxed(int s) {     // for off-queue assignment
            U.putInt(this, STATUS, s);
        }
        final void clearStatus() {               // for reducing unneeded signals
            U.putIntOpaque(this, STATUS, 0);
        }

        private static final long STATUS
            = U.objectFieldOffset(Node.class, "status");
        private static final long NEXT
            = U.objectFieldOffset(Node.class, "next");
        private static final long PREV
            = U.objectFieldOffset(Node.class, "prev");
    }

Node有四个参数：

prev: 前置节点

next：后置节点

waiter：当前线程

status：线程状态

status有三个状态，waiting ,cancelled 和cond

// Node status bits, also used as argument and return values
    static final int WAITING   = 1;          // must be 1
    static final int CANCELLED = 0x80000000; // must be negative
    static final int COND      = 2;          // in a condition wait

两个非常重要的方法是acquire 和release,这两个方法都运用了模版模式，是一个钩子方法，需要子类去实现tryAcquire和tryRelease.

    /**
     * Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts.  Implemented
     * by invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquire},
     * returning on success.  Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
     * repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
     * #tryAcquire} until success.  This method can be used
     * to implement method {@link Lock#lock}.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument.  This value is conveyed to
     *        {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
     *        can represent anything you like.
     */
    public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg))
            acquire(null, arg, false, false, false, 0L);
    }



    
    /**
     * Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode. This method should query
     * if the state of the object permits it to be acquired in the
     * exclusive mode, and if so to acquire it.
     *
     * <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing
     * acquire.  If this method reports failure, the acquire method
     * may queue the thread, if it is not already queued, until it is
     * signalled by a release from some other thread. This can be used
     * to implement method {@link Lock#tryLock()}.
     *
     * <p>The default
     * implementation throws {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument. This value is always the one
     *        passed to an acquire method, or is the value saved on entry
     *        to a condition wait.  The value is otherwise uninterpreted
     *        and can represent anything you like.
     * @return {@code true} if successful. Upon success, this object has
     *         been acquired.
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if acquiring would place this
     *         synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
     *         thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
     *         correctly.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if exclusive mode is not supported
     */
    protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }





      public final boolean release(int arg) {
        if (tryRelease(arg)) {
            signalNext(head);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }


    

    /**
     * Attempts to set the state to reflect a release in exclusive
     * mode.
     *
     * <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing release.
     *
     * <p>The default implementation throws
     * {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     *
     * @param arg the release argument. This value is always the one
     *        passed to a release method, or the current state value upon
     *        entry to a condition wait.  The value is otherwise
     *        uninterpreted and can represent anything you like.
     * @return {@code true} if this object is now in a fully released
     *         state, so that any waiting threads may attempt to acquire;
     *         and {@code false} otherwise.
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if releasing would place this
     *         synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
     *         thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
     *         correctly.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if exclusive mode is not supported
     */
    protected boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

         此外，AbstractQueuedSynchronizer还维护了一个内部类ConditionObject。ConditionObject实现了Condition接口。用于线程间的通信，能够把锁粒度减小。重点是await()和signal()。这个内部类还维护了一个condition队列，而且Node.nextWaiter就是用来将condition连接起来的。

void await() throws InterruptedException:当前线程进入等待状态，如果其他线程调用condition的signal或者signalAll方法并且当前线程获取Lock从await方法返回，如果在等待状态中被中断会抛出被中断异常；

线程在调用await方法时是占有锁的，await方法就是将占有锁的当前线程从同步队列中移除，释放同步状态（锁），然后将当前线程所在的节点加入到条件队列中。

        /**
         * Implements interruptible condition wait.
         * <ol>
         * <li>If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
         * <li>Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
         * <li>Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
         *     throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
         * <li>Block until signalled or interrupted.
         * <li>Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
         *     {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
         * <li>If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
         * </ol>
         */
        public final void await() throws InterruptedException {
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            ConditionNode node = new ConditionNode();
            int savedState = enableWait(node);
            LockSupport.setCurrentBlocker(this); // for back-compatibility
            boolean interrupted = false, cancelled = false, rejected = false;
            while (!canReacquire(node)) {
                if (interrupted |= Thread.interrupted()) {
                    if (cancelled = (node.getAndUnsetStatus(COND) & COND) != 0)
                        break;              // else interrupted after signal
                } else if ((node.status & COND) != 0) {
                    try {
                        if (rejected)
                            node.block();
                        else
                            ForkJoinPool.managedBlock(node);
                    } catch (RejectedExecutionException ex) {
                        rejected = true;
                    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                        interrupted = true;
                    }
                } else
                    Thread.onSpinWait();    // awoke while enqueuing
            }
            LockSupport.setCurrentBlocker(null);
            node.clearStatus();
            acquire(node, savedState, false, false, false, 0L);
            if (interrupted) {
                if (cancelled) {
                    unlinkCancelledWaiters(node);
                    throw new InterruptedException();
                }
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        }

signal()方法：唤醒一个等待在Condition上的线程，该线程从等待方法返回前必须获得与Condition相关联的锁。

        /**
         * Moves the longest-waiting thread, if one exists, from the
         * wait queue for this condition to the wait queue for the
         * owning lock.
         *
         * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
         *         returns {@code false}
         */
        public final void signal() {
            ConditionNode first = firstWaiter;
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            if (first != null)
                doSignal(first, false);
        }