Pygame学习笔记1：绘制图形

绘制一个圆

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

# 初始化
pygame.init()
# 设置窗口大小、窗口文字
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Circles")

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type in (QUIT, KEYDOWN):
            sys.exit()
    screen.fill((0, 0, 200))
    color = 255, 255, 0
    position = 300, 250
    radius = 100
    width = 10
    
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, color, position, radius, width)
    pygame.display.update()

运行结果：

绘制移动的矩形

import sys
import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Rectangles")

pos_x = 300
pos_y = 250
vel_x = 2
vel_y = 1

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type in (QUIT, KEYDOWN):
            sys.exit()
    screen.fill((0, 0, 200))

    # 移动矩形
    pos_x += vel_x
    pos_y += vel_y

    if pos_x > 500 or pos_x < 0:
        vel_x = -vel_x
    if pos_y > 400 or pos_y < 0:
        vel_y = -vel_y

    color = 255, 255, 0
    width = 0
    pos = pos_x, pos_y, 100, 100
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, pos, width)

    pygame.display.update()
    time.sleep(0.01)

由于是动图，这里就不再展示，可以自己复制代码运行。

绘制一条直线

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Lines")

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type in (QUIT, KEYDOWN):
            sys.exit()

    screen.fill((0, 0, 200))
    color = 255, 255, 0
    width = 10

    pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (100, 100), (400, 400), width)

    pygame.display.update()

运行结果如下：

绘制一条弧线

import math
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Arcs")

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type in (QUIT, KEYDOWN):
            sys.exit()

    screen.fill((0, 0, 200))
    color = 255, 255, 0
    position = 200, 150, 200, 200
    # 用math.radians()函数将角度转换成弧度
    start_angle = math.radians(0)
    end_angle = math.radians(180)
    width = 10

    pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)

    pygame.display.update()

运行结果如下：

做一个Pie小游戏

import math
import pygame
import sys

from pygame.locals import *

# 初始化
pygame.init()

# 设置窗口大小、窗口文字以及字体
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("The Pie Game - Press 1,2,3,4")
myfont = pygame.font.Font(None, 60)

color = 200, 80, 60
width = 4
x = 300
y = 250
radius = 200
position = x-radius, y-radius, radius * 2, radius * 2

piece1 = False
piece2 = False
piece3 = False
piece4 = False

while True:
    # 检查输入
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == KEYUP:
            if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.key == pygame.K_1:
                piece1 = True
            elif event.key == pygame.K_2:
                piece2 = True
            elif event.key == pygame.K_3:
                piece3 = True
            elif event.key == pygame.K_4:
                piece4 = True

    # 给屏幕填充颜色
    screen.fill((0, 0, 200))

    # 分割
    textImage1 = myfont.render("1", True, color)
    screen.blit(textImage1, (x + radius / 2 - 20, y - radius / 2 - 20))
    textImage2 = myfont.render("2", True, color)
    screen.blit(textImage2, (x - radius / 2 - 20, y - radius / 2 - 20))
    textImage3 = myfont.render("3", True, color)
    screen.blit(textImage3, (x - radius / 2 - 20, y + radius / 2 - 20))
    textImage4 = myfont.render("4", True, color)
    screen.blit(textImage4, (x + radius / 2 - 20, y + radius / 2 - 20))

    # 画图
    if piece1:
        start_angle = math.radians(0)
        end_angle = math.radians(90)
        pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x, y - radius), width)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x + radius, y), width)
    if piece2:
        start_angle = math.radians(90)
        end_angle = math.radians(180)
        pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x, y - radius), width)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x - radius, y), width)
    if piece3:
        start_angle = math.radians(180)
        end_angle = math.radians(270)
        pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x - radius, y), width)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x, y + radius), width)
    if piece4:
        start_angle = math.radians(270)
        end_angle = math.radians(360)
        pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x, y + radius), width)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x + radius, y), width)

    # 全部画完就变色
    if piece1 and piece2 and piece3 and piece4:
        color = 0, 255, 0

    pygame.display.update()

运行结果的部分截图：

任务一：绘制一个椭圆

这里我想到的方法就是利用弧线函数，画两条弧线就可以构成一个椭圆：

import math
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()

# 画椭圆
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Ovals")

# 上面的弧线从0到180
start_angle1 = math.radians(0)
end_angle1 = math.radians(180)
# 下面的弧线从180到360
start_angle2 = math.radians(180)
end_angle2 = math.radians(360)

color = 255, 0, 0
position = 200, 250, 200, 100
width = 8

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            sys.exit()

    screen.fill((0, 0, 200))

    pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle1, end_angle1, width)
    pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle2, end_angle2, width)

    pygame.display.update()

运行结果如下：

任务二：利用random.randint()函数随机绘制1000条直线

这里我遇到了几个问题，
1.如何绘制多条直线
2.randint()函数怎么用

第一个问题我是想到用for循环解决，但是一开始的结果确实一次性只能出现一条直线，然后我就想到pygame.draw.lines()函数，但是具体了解后发现这个函数只是把给出的坐标依次连接起来，无法满足我的要求，因此我就想到了用列表存储每条直线的起始位置和终止位置，然后我一开始的代码是这样的：

start_pos[i] = (randint(10, 300), randint(10, 300))
end_pos[i] = (randint(400, 600), randint(400, 500))

然后系统给我报了这么一个错：

IndexError: list assignment index out of range

通过查资料才知道是因为列表一开始为空，所以不能这么写，发生了地址越界的错误，因此需要用到列表中的insert()函数，将数据插入进去，最终我终于实现了。

第二个问题就是对于函数

random.randint(a, b)

意思是从[a, b]中随机取一个整数，注意区间！！！是[a, b]，都是闭区间！我之前看网上有人说是[a, b)，但是这是错的，b如果是整数，那么是可以取到的。

示例如下：

import random

for i in range(10):
    print(random.randint(0, 2))

运行结果如下：

可以看到，2是可以取到的

解决完这两个问题后，就很容易了，源代码如下：

import time
from random import randint
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Lines")

# 将起始位置、终止位置以及颜色设置成列表形式
start_pos = []
end_pos = []
color = []

# 将列表中每个元素都设置成随机的值
for i in range(1000):
    start_pos.insert(i, (randint(10, 300), randint(10, 300)))
    end_pos.insert(i, (randint(400, 600), randint(400, 500)))
    color.insert(i, (randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255)))

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type in (QUIT, KEYDOWN):
            sys.exit()

    screen.fill((0, 0, 200))
    width = 2

    for i in range(1000):
        pygame.draw.line(screen, color[i], start_pos[i], end_pos[i], width)

    pygame.display.update()

运行结果如下：

任务三：修改移动矩形的代码，使其在碰到边界之后，马上变色

这个比较容易，只需要在代码中的触碰边界时，改变颜色即可：

import random
import sys
import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *


def move_rect():
    pos_x = 300
    pos_y = 250
    vel_x = 2
    vel_y = 1
    color = 255, 255, 0
    width = 0

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type in (QUIT, KEYDOWN):
                sys.exit()
        screen.fill((0, 0, 200))

        # 移动矩形
        pos_x += vel_x
        pos_y += vel_y
        pos = pos_x, pos_y, 100, 100

        # 若触碰到边界，则反向同时随机变色
        if pos_x > 500 or pos_x < 0:
            vel_x = -vel_x
            color = random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)
        if pos_y > 400 or pos_y < 0:
            vel_y = -vel_y
            color = random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, pos, width)

        pygame.display.update()
        time.sleep(0.01)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Rectangles")
    move_rect()