文章目录
0、介绍
本文基本涵盖了单循环链表的大部分基本操作,与严蔚敏数据结构内容大致贴合,且大部分函数取名结合STL,可结合来学习,可直接最后跳转完整代码复制,代码运行没问题(截图省了)有问题欢迎交流。
说明:数据结构考研&复习,由于基础一般且C++STL还没深入学习,目前全程看的都是鲍松山老师的C语言数据结构实现,非常细致,十分感谢老师。
B站视频链接:【鲍松山-数据结构C语言版(最全的严蔚敏数据结构-代码完全实现)】
一、详细操作实现(代码)
1.0 结构体定义
定义好节点和循环链表结构体
typedef struct Node
{
ElemType data;
struct Node *next;
}Node, *PNode;
typedef struct List
{
PNode first;//首
PNode last;//尾
int size;
}List;
1.00 初始化
循环起来:尾后继为首
void InitSCList(List *list)
{
Node *s = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
assert(s != NULL);
list->first = list->last = s;
list->last->next = list->first;
list->size = 0;
}
1.000 申请(“购买”)节点
就是申请节点,务必后继先置空;
Node* _buynode(ElemType x)
{
Node* s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
assert(s != NULL);
s->data = x;
s->next = NULL;
return s;
}
1.1 单循环链表表尾插入数
function:尾部插入
1.“购买”节点s,链接在尾部;
2.修改last指向;
3.插入的节点next域指向头;
4.循环链表长度++;
void push_back(List* list, ElemType x)
{
Node* s = _buynode(x);
list->last->next = s;
list->last = s;
s->next = list->first;
list->size++;
}
1.2 单循环链表表头插入数
function:头部插入
1.“购买”节点s,链接在list->first的next;
2.list->first的next用s->next保存下来;
3.s赋值给list->first->next;
4.判断是否是第一个节点,如果是list->last指向s(当前最后一个);
void push_front(List* list, ElemType x)
{
Node* s = _buynode(x);
s->next = list->first->next;
list->first->next = s;
if (list->first == list->last)
{
list->last = s;
}
list->size++;
}
1.3 展示单循环链表
function:列出循环链表;
注意:结束条件不是next域为空了
void show_list(List* list)
{
Node* p = list->first->next;
while (p != list->first)
{
printf("%d-->", p->data);
p = p->next;
}
printf("Nul.\n");
}
1.4 尾部删除数据
function:尾部删除
1.边界条件判断,等于0没有节点;
2.寻找到last的前驱;
3.释放当前last,把找到的前驱作为last,last->next = first继续循环起来;
4.循环链表长度–;
void pop_back(List* list)
{
if (list->size == 0)
return;
Node* p = list->first;
while (p->next != list->last)
{
p = p->next;
}
free(list->last);
list->last = p;
list->last->next = list->first;
list->size--;
}
1.5 头部删除数据
function:头部删除
1.边界条件判断,等于0没有节点;
2.寻找到当前第一个节点,当前第一个节点的后继节点作为first的后继节点,释放第一个节点即可;
3.如果释放的是最后一个节点,连起来;
4.循环链表长度–;
void pop_front(List* list)
{
if (list->size == 0)
return;
Node* p = list->first->next;
list->first->next = p->next;
free(p);
if (list->size == 1)
{
list->last = list->first;
}
list->size--;
}
1.6 插入元素按照升序
function:按值插入(默认升序);
1.循环判断没到last且值都比x小一直后移;
2.到了最后还是没找到比x大,尾插;
3.否则插在p的后面且长度++;
void insert_val(List* list, ElemType x)
{
Node* p = list->first;
while (p->next != list->last && p->next->data < x)
{
p = p->next;
}
if (p->next == list->last && p->next->data < x)
{
push_back(list, x);
}
else
{
Node* s = _buynode(x);
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
list->size++;
}
}
1.7 查找元素所在位置,没有返回-1
需要注意先判空,其他就遍历
Node* find(List* list, ElemType key)
{
if (list->size == 0)
return NULL;
Node* p = list->first->next;
while (p != list->first && p->data != key)
p = p->next;
if (p == list->first)
return NULL;
return p;
}
1.8 返回长度
有了结构体,否则就从first到last来计数
int length(List* list)
{
return list->size;
}
1.9 删除某个指定元素(第一次出现)
function:删除某个指定元素(第一次出现);
1.判断长度,为0没得删,不为0就寻找这个元素;
2.在尾部用尾删即可;
3.我们删除用“替换”代替,只要把要删除的节点数据域记住,后继连好删除哪个都行;
void delete_val(List* list, ElemType key)
{
if (list->size == 0)
return;
Node* p = find(list, key);
if (p == NULL)
{
printf("要删除的数据不存.\n");
return;
}
if (p == list->last)
{
pop_back(list);
}
else
{
Node* q = p->next;
p->data = q->data;
p->next = q->next;
free(q);
list->size--;
}
}
重点 1.10 排序
function:单循环链表排序;
1.判断长度,为0或1均不需要进行排序;
2.断开链子,让当前只有一个节点,修改好last和first;
3.s作为需要插入的数,定义p节点循环遍历(没循环到last)直到找第一个p后继节点数据域比s数据域大的数;
4.已经到了最后还是找不到,进行尾插操作,否则插到p前面即可。
如下图:
void sort(List* list)
{
if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1)
return;
Node* s = list->first->next;
Node* q = s->next;
//断开链子
list->last->next = NULL;
list->last = s;
list->last->next = list->first;
while (q != NULL)
{
s = q;
q = q->next;
Node* p = list->first;
while (p->next != list->last && p->next->data < s->data)
{
p = p->next;
}
if (p->next == list->last && p->next->data < s->data)
{
s->next = list->last->next;
list->last->next = s;
list->last = s;
}
else
{
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
}
}
}
1.11 反转
function:逆序
1.判断长度0或者1不需要逆序;
2.断开链子保证只有第一个节点存在;
3.头插进去实现逆序;
void resver(List* list)
{
if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1)
return;
Node* p = list->first->next;
Node* q = p->next;
list->last->next = NULL;
list->last = p;
list->last->next = list->first;
while (q != NULL)
{
p = q;
q = q->next;
p->next = list->first->next;
list->first->next = p;
}
}
1.12 清空
function:清空;
1.first后继节点赋给定义新节点,一直删除first节点下一个节点直到到last节点;
2.first和last指向以及长度更新;
void clear(List* list)
{
Node* p = list->first->next;
while (p != list->first)
{
list->first->next = p->next;
free(p);
p = list->first->next;
}
list->last = list->first;
list->last->next = list->first;
list->size = 0;
}
1.13 销毁
void destroy(List* list)
{
clear(list);
free(list->first);
list->first = list->last = NULL;
}
二、完整代码
2.1 .h头文件
#ifndef __SCLIST_H__
#define __SCLIST_H__
#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<assert.h>
#define ElemType int
typedef struct Node
{
ElemType data;
struct Node *next;
}Node, *PNode;
typedef struct List
{
PNode first;
PNode last;
int size;
}List;
Node* _buynode(ElemType x);
void InitSCList(List *list);
void push_back(List *list, ElemType x);
void push_front(List *list, ElemType x);
void show_list(List *list);
void pop_back(List *list);
void pop_front(List *list);
void insert_val(List *list, ElemType x);
Node* find(List *list, ElemType key);
int length(List *list);
void delete_val(List *list, ElemType key);
void sort(List *list);
void resver(List *list);
void clear(List *list);
void destroy(List *list);
#endif //__SCLIST_H__
2.2 .cpp源文件
#include"SCList.h"
Node* _buynode(ElemType x)
{
Node *s = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
assert(s != NULL);
s->data = x;
s->next = NULL;
return s;
}
void InitSCList(List *list)
{
Node *s = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
assert(s != NULL);
list->first = list->last = s;
list->last->next = list->first;
list->size = 0;
}
void push_back(List *list, ElemType x)
{
Node *s = _buynode(x);
list->last->next = s;
list->last = s;
list->last->next = list->first;
list->size++;
}
void push_front(List *list, ElemType x)
{
Node *s = _buynode(x);
s->next = list->first->next;
list->first->next = s;
if(list->first == list->last)
{
list->last = s;
}
list->size++;
}
void show_list(List *list)
{
Node *p = list->first->next;
while(p != list->first)
{
printf("%d-->",p->data);
p = p->next;
}
printf("Nul.\n");
}
void pop_back(List *list)
{
if(list->size == 0)
return;
Node *p = list->first;
while(p->next != list->last)
{
p = p->next;
}
free(list->last);
list->last = p;
list->last->next = list->first;
list->size--;
}
void pop_front(List *list)
{
if(list->size == 0)
return;
Node *p = list->first->next;
list->first->next = p->next;
free(p);
if(list->size == 1)
{
list->last = list->first;
}
list->size--;
}
void insert_val(List *list, ElemType x)
{
Node *p = list->first;
while(p->next!=list->last && p->next->data < x)
{
p = p->next;
}
if(p->next == list->last && p->next->data < x)
{
push_back(list,x);
}
else
{
Node *s = _buynode(x);
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
list->size++;
}
}
Node* find(List *list, ElemType key)
{
if(list->size == 0)
return NULL;
Node *p = list->first->next;
while(p != list->first && p->data!=key)
p = p->next;
if(p == list->first)
return NULL;
return p;
}
int length(List *list)
{
return list->size;
}
void delete_val(List *list, ElemType key)
{
if(list->size == 0)
return;
Node *p = find(list,key);
if(p == NULL)
{
printf("要删除的数据不存.\n");
return;
}
if(p == list->last)
{
pop_back(list);
}
else
{
Node *q = p->next;
p->data = q->data;
p->next = q->next;
free(q);
list->size--;
}
}
void sort(List *list)
{
if(list->size==0 || list->size==1)
return;
Node *s = list->first->next;
Node *q = s->next;
list->last->next = NULL;
list->last = s;
list->last->next = list->first;
while(q != NULL)
{
s = q;
q = q->next;
Node *p = list->first;
while(p->next!=list->last && p->next->data < s->data)
{
p = p->next;
}
if(p->next == list->last && p->next->data < s->data)
{
s->next = list->last->next;
list->last->next = s;
list->last = s;
}
else
{
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
}
}
}
void resver(List *list)
{
if(list->size==0 || list->size==1)
return;
Node *p = list->first->next;
Node *q = p->next;
list->last->next = NULL;
list->last = p;
list->last->next = list->first;
while(q != NULL)
{
p = q;
q = q->next;
p->next = list->first->next;
list->first->next = p;
}
}
void clear(List *list)
{
Node *p = list->first->next;
while(p != list->first)
{
list->first->next = p->next;
free(p);
p = list->first->next;
}
list->last = list->first;
list->last->next = list->first;
list->size = 0;
}
void destroy(List *list)
{
clear(list);
free(list->first);
list->first = list->last = NULL;
}
2.3 Main.cpp文件
#include"SCList.h"
int main()
{
List mylist;
InitSCList(&mylist);
ElemType Item;
Node *p = NULL;
int select = 1;
while(select)
{
printf("**************************************\n");
printf("* [1] push_back [2] push_front *\n");
printf("* [3] show_list [4] pop_back *\n");
printf("* [5] pop_front [6] insert_val *\n");
printf("* [7] find [8] length *\n");
printf("* [9] delete_val [10] sort *\n");
printf("* [11] resver [12] clear *\n");
printf("* [13*] destroy [0] quit_system*\n");
printf("**************************************\n");
printf("请选择:>");
scanf("%d",&select);
if(select == 0)
break;
switch(select)
{
case 1:
printf("请输入要插入的数据(-1结束):>");
while(scanf("%d",&Item),Item != -1)
{
push_back(&mylist,Item);
}
break;
case 2:
printf("请输入要插入的数据(-1结束):>");
while(scanf("%d",&Item),Item != -1)
{
push_front(&mylist,Item);
}
break;
case 3:
show_list(&mylist);
break;
case 4:
pop_back(&mylist);
break;
case 5:
pop_front(&mylist);
break;
case 6:
printf("请输入要插入的数据:>");
scanf("%d",&Item);
insert_val(&mylist,Item);
break;
case 7:
printf("请输入要查找的数据:>");
scanf("%d",&Item);
p = find(&mylist,Item);
if(p == NULL)
{
printf("要查找的数据在链表中不存在.\n");
}
break;
case 8:
printf("单链表的长度为:> %d \n",length(&mylist));
break;
case 9:
printf("请输入要删除的值:>");
scanf("%d",&Item);
delete_val(&mylist,Item);
break;
case 10:
sort(&mylist);
break;
case 11:
resver(&mylist);
break;
case 12:
clear(&mylist);
break;
//case 13:
// destroy(&mylist);
// break;
default:
printf("输入的命令错误,请重新输入.\n");
break;
}
}
destroy(&mylist);
return 0;
}