OSPF综合实验

一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，减少路由表的条目数量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6、全网可达；

三、实验思路

1、先配置各个路由器的IP地址和环回地址
2、配置缺省路由
3、配置R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境
4、配置OSPF达成私网通
5、配置NAT使私网可以访问公网
6、减少路由表条目，进行路由汇总
7、建立特殊区域，可以自动下发缺省路由
8、加快收敛
9、保障更新安全，配置防环

四、实验步骤

1、配置IP地址

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.2 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 24
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.3 24

[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial3/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.4 24
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.4 24

[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.5 24

[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 30
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.6 24

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 30
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.5.7 24

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.5 30
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.8 24

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 30
[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.9 24

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 30
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.10 24

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.11 24

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.6 30
[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.12 24
[R12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.161.12 24

2、配置缺省路由

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

3、VPN配置

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

修改接口类型
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

修改接口DR优先级，正确选举BR/DBR
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

测试是否注册成功

注册成功

4、配置OSPF

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.34.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.35.2 0.0.0.0

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.36.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.7 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0

[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.98.8 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.130.9 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0

[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.131.10 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0

[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.66.11 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0

[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0

R12的RIP配置
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0

配置重发布（路由导入）
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

5、配置NAT

[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

6、减少路由表条目

汇总前路由表

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

汇总后路由

7、建立特殊区域

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

检查是否精简路由表

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

因为特殊区域没有给R9下发缺省路由，所以手动给R9下发一条缺省路由
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

8、加快收敛

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial3/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

9、保障更新安全

配置防环
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0

[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0

[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0

[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0

10、测试全网通

达成全网通

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实验结束