注解 Annotation----静态
什么是注解
//Override 重写的注解
@Override
内置注解
package com.Annotation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Test01 extends Object{
//Override ,重写的注解
@Override
public String toString(){
return super.toString();
}
//不推荐使用但可以使用,过时的,危险的
@Deprecated
public static void test(){
System.out.println("deprecated");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test();
}
//镇压全部警告,标黄的就不出现了
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public void test02(){
List list=new ArrayList<>();
}
}
,被Deprecated注解划了,但是还可以用
元注解
package com.Annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//测试元注解
@MyAnnotation//这里会报错,因为没有定义Target(value= ElementType.TYPE)
public class Test02 {
@MyAnnotation
public void test(){}
}
//定义一个注解
@Target(value= ElementType.METHOD)
@interface MyAnnotation{
}
package com.Annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
//测试元注解
@MyAnnotation
public class Test02 {
@MyAnnotation
public void test(){}
}
//定义一个注解
//Target表示我们的注解可以用在哪些地方
@Target(value= {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE })
//Retention 表示我们的注解在什么地方还有效
//runtime>class>sources
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented 表示是否将我们的注解生成在JAVAdoc中
@Documented
//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{}
自定义注解
package com.Annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
public class Test03 {
//注解可以显示赋值,如果没有默认值就必须给注解赋值
@MyAnnotation2(name="因为定义的时候声明了要name,所以这里要输入",age=1)
public void test(){}
@MyAnnotation3("")//如果一个注解只有一个value值,可以省略 value=
public void test02(){}
}
//元注解标明可以在哪些地方用
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
//注解的参数:参数类型+参数名
String name();
// String name() default ""; 这样就不用写名字了
int age() default -1;//如果默认值为-1,代表不存在
String[] schools() default "laji";
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
String value();
}
反射机制 Relection----动态
Java反射机制概述
静态与动态语言
反射机制让静态语言变成准动态语言
动态语言在程序运行时可以改变程序的结构
反射主要API
理解Class类并获取Class实例
Class类的常用方法
获取Class类的实例
package com.Reflection;
//什么叫反射
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//通过反射获取类的class对象
Class c1= Class.forName("com.Reflection.User");
System.out.println(c1);
Class c2= Class.forName("com.Reflection.User");
Class c3= Class.forName("com.Reflection.User");
Class c4= Class.forName("com.Reflection.User");
//一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
//一个类被加载后,类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
// 1163157884
// 1163157884
// 1163157884
}
}
//实体类pojo,entity
class User{
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User(String name,int id,int age){
this.name=name;
this.id=id;
this.age=age;
}
//alt+insert getter and setter
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
//alt+insert toString
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
package com.Reflection;
//测试Class类的创建方式有哪些
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Preson person = new Student();
System.out.println("这个人是:"+person.name);
//方式一:通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//方式二:forName获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.Reflection.Student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//方式三:通过类名.class获得
Class c3 = Student.class;
System.out.println(c3);//class com.Reflection.Student 类型
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//方式四:基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4);//返回 int 类型
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());//返回的hashCode值与上面三类不一样
//获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);//class com.Reflection.Preson,父类类型
}
}
class Preson{
String name;
public Preson(){ }
public Preson(String name){
this.name=name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Preson{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student extends Preson{
public Student(){
this.name="学生";
}
}class Teacher extends Preson{
public Teacher(){
this.name="老师";
}
}
哪些类型有Class对象
package com.Reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
//所有类型的Class
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1 = Object.class;//类
Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
Class c4 = int[][].class;//二维数组
Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
Class c8 = void.class;//void
Class c9 = Class.class;//Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
// class java.lang.Object
// interface java.lang.Comparable
// class [Ljava.lang.String;
// class [[I
// interface java.lang.Override
// class java.lang.annotation.ElementType
// class java.lang.Integer
// void
// class java.lang.Class
//只要元素类型与维度一样,就是同一个Class
int[]a=new int[10];
int[]b=new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());//输出值相同
}
}
类的加载与ClassLoader
Java内存分析
类加载过程
类的加载与ClassLoader理解
package com.Reflection;
public class Test05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a=new A();
System.out.println(A.m);
/*
1.加载到内存,会产生一个类对应的Class对象
2.链接,链接结束后m=0
3.初始化
<clinit>(){
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m=300;
m=100;
}
m=100
*/
}
}
class A{
static {
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m=300;
}
static int m=100;
public A() {
System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
}
}
//A类静态代码块初始化
//A类的无参构造初始化
//100
什么时候发生类的初始化
类加载器
package com.Reflection;
public class Test07 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类的父类加载器--》扩展类加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器---》根加载器(C/C++)
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1);
//测试当前类是那个加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.Reflection.Test07").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//测试JDK内置类是谁加载的
classLoader = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
//双亲委派机制
//java.lang.String-->如果存在手写包的同名包,用默认的包,不会用自己的
//sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
//sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@4554617c
//null
//sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
//null
/*
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\jce.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\resources.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\jre\lib\rt.jar;
C:\Users\81909\Desktop\JavaSE\基础语法\src\com\oop\demo02\out\production\基础语法;
C:\TJUPT\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2021.1.1\lib\idea_rt.jar
*/
}
}
创建运行时类的对象
获取运行时类的完整结构
package com.Reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test08 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.Reflection.User");
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());//包名+类名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//类名
//com.Reflection.User
//User
//获得类的属性
System.out.println("========");
Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
fields=c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到全部属性
for(Field field:fields){
System.out.println(field);
}
//========
//private java.lang.String com.Reflection.User.name
//private int com.Reflection.User.id
//private int com.Reflection.User.age
//获得指定属性的值
Field name=c1.getDeclaredField("name");//获得指定属性的值
System.out.println(name);
//private java.lang.String com.Reflection.User.name
//获得类的方法
System.out.println("=======");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("正常的:"+method);
}
//=======
//正常的:public java.lang.String com.Reflection.User.toString()
//正常的:public java.lang.String com.Reflection.User.getName()
//正常的:public int com.Reflection.User.getId()
//正常的:public void com.Reflection.User.setName(java.lang.String)
//正常的:public void com.Reflection.User.setAge(int)
//正常的:public void com.Reflection.User.setId(int)
//正常的:public int com.Reflection.User.getAge()
//正常的:public final void java.lang.Object.wait() throws java.lang.InterruptedException
//正常的:public final void java.lang.Object.wait(long,int) throws java.lang.InterruptedException
//正常的:public final native void java.lang.Object.wait(long) throws java.lang.InterruptedException
//正常的:public boolean java.lang.Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
//正常的:public native int java.lang.Object.hashCode()
//正常的:public final native java.lang.Class java.lang.Object.getClass()
//正常的:public final native void java.lang.Object.notify()
//正常的:public final native void java.lang.Object.notifyAll()
Method[] declaredMethods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类的全部方法,包含private等
for (Method declaredMethod : declaredMethods) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods:"+declaredMethod);
}
//getDeclaredMethods:public java.lang.String com.Reflection.User.toString()
//getDeclaredMethods:public java.lang.String com.Reflection.User.getName()
//getDeclaredMethods:public int com.Reflection.User.getId()
//getDeclaredMethods:public void com.Reflection.User.setName(java.lang.String)
//getDeclaredMethods:public void com.Reflection.User.setAge(int)
//getDeclaredMethods:public void com.Reflection.User.setId(int)
//getDeclaredMethods:public int com.Reflection.User.getAge()
//获得指定方法
//重载
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
System.out.println(getName);
//public java.lang.String com.Reflection.User.getName()
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
System.out.println(setName);
//public void com.Reflection.User.setName(java.lang.String)
//获得指定的构造器
System.out.println("=======");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
//public com.Reflection.User(java.lang.String,int,int)
constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("##"+constructor);
}
//##public com.Reflection.User(java.lang.String,int,int)
//获得指定的构造器
Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println("指定构造器:"+declaredConstructor);
//指定构造器:public com.Reflection.User(java.lang.String,int,int)
}
}
小结
有了Class对象能干嘛
调用运行时类的指定结构
package com.Reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//动态的创建对象,通过反射
public class Test09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获得Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.Reflection.User");
//构造一个对象
User user = (User) c1.newInstance();
System.out.println(user);//本质是调用了类的无参构造器
//User{name='null', id=0, age=0}
//通过构造器创造对象
Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user2 = (User) constructor.newInstance("fuyi", 001, 25);
System.out.println(user2);
//User{name='fuyi', id=1, age=25}
//通过反射调用普通方法
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获取一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
//invoke:激活
//(对象,"方法的值")
setName.invoke(user3,"yifu");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
//yifu
//通过反射操作属性
User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
//不能直接操作私有属性,我们需要关闭程序的安全检测,需要属性或方法.setAccessible(true)
name.setAccessible(true);//关掉权限,这样才能更改User里的private类
name.set(user4,"wula");
System.out.println(user4.getName());
//wula
}
}
调用指定的方法
setAccessible
分析性能问题
package com.Reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//分析性能问题
public class Test10 {
//普通方式调用
public static void test01(){
User user = new User();
long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();//开始时调用系统时间
for (int i = 0; i < 10_0000_0000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();//结束时调用系统时间
System.out.println("普通方式执行十亿次时间:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
//反射方式调用
public static void test02() throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();//开始时调用系统时间
for (int i = 0; i < 10_0000_0000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();//结束时调用系统时间
System.out.println("反射方式执行十亿次时间:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
//反射方式调用 关闭检测
public static void test03() throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();//开始时调用系统时间
for (int i = 0; i < 10_0000_0000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();//结束时调用系统时间
System.out.println("关闭检测,反射方式执行十亿次时间:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
test01();
test02();
test03();
//普通方式执行十亿次时间:2ms
//反射方式执行十亿次时间:2091ms
//关闭检测,反射方式执行十亿次时间:1129ms
}
}
获取泛型信息
反射操作泛型
package com.Reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
//通过反射获取泛型
public class Test11 {
public void test01(Map<String,User> map, List<User> list){ }
public Map<String,User> test02(){ System.out.println("test02");return null; }
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = Test11.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);//获取方法
//getGenericParameterTypes() 获得泛型的参数类型
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println("$"+genericParameterType);
//$java.util.Map<java.lang.String, com.Reflection.User>
//$java.util.List<com.Reflection.User>
//判断泛型参数类型是否为结构化参数类型
if(genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
//是的话就强转换为参数化类型,通过获得真实化参数方法getActualTypeArguments,获得数组打印
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).
getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
//$java.util.Map<java.lang.String, com.Reflection.User>
//class java.lang.String
//class com.Reflection.User
//$java.util.List<com.Reflection.User>
//class com.Reflection.User
}
method = Test11.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();//获得返回值参数类型
if(genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){//判断泛型参数类型是否为结构话参数类型
//获得真实参数类型
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).
getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
//class java.lang.String
//class com.Reflection.User
}
}
通过反射操作注解
ORM
package com.Reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
//联系反射操作注解
public class Test12 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.Reflection.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
//@com.Reflection.Tablefuiiy(value=db_student)
}
//获得注解的value的值
Tablefuiiy tablefuiiy= (Tablefuiiy)c1.getAnnotation(Tablefuiiy.class);
String value = tablefuiiy.value();
System.out.println(value);
//db_student
//获得类指定的注解
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
Fieldfuyi annotation = f.getAnnotation(Fieldfuyi.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
//db_name
//varchar
//3
}
}
@Tablefuiiy("db_student")
class Student2{
@Fieldfuyi(columnName = "db_id",type="int",length = 10)
private int id;
@Fieldfuyi(columnName = "db_age",type="int",length = 10)
private int age;
@Fieldfuyi(columnName = "db_name",type="varchar",length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Tablefuiiy{
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fieldfuyi{
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}