嵌入式Linux驱动复习（6）总线设备驱动模型写imx6ull的LED驱动程序

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分类专栏：嵌入式linux驱动嵌入式Linux 文章标签： arm linux 驱动开发学习

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58730859/article/details/125897871

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原来采用的“上下分层左右分离的”框架

本节采用总线设备驱动模型要实现的框架

总线设备驱动模型代码编写

1、实现platform_device结构体

board_A.c作为一个可加载模块，里面也有入口函数、出口函数。在入口函数中注册platform_device结构体，在platform_device结构体中指定使用哪个GPIO引脚。

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>

#include "led_resource.h"


static void led_dev_release(struct device *dev)    //不定义这个release会导致编译报错
{
}

static struct resource resources[] = {          //定义一个resource数组保存硬件资源信息
        {
                .start = GROUP_PIN(3,1),        //定义硬件接口的信息
                .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,        //什么类型的资源
                .name = "100ask_led_pin",       // 资源的名字
        },
        {
                .start = GROUP_PIN(5,8),
                .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
                .name = "100ask_led_pin",
        },
};


static struct platform_device board_A_led_dev = {
        .name = "100ask_led",        //和驱动匹配的名，用来寻找匹配的驱动
        .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(resources),    //有多少个资源
        .resource = resources,             //资源在哪里
        .dev = {                               //不定义这个release会导致编译报错
                .release = led_dev_release,
         },
};

static int __init led_dev_init(void)             //入口函数，用来注册平台设备
{
    int err;
    
    err = platform_device_register(&board_A_led_dev);   
    
    return 0;
}

static void __exit led_dev_exit(void)          //出口函数
{
    platform_device_unregister(&board_A_led_dev);
}

module_init(led_dev_init);
module_exit(led_dev_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

2、实现platform_driver结构体

chip_demo_gpio.c中注册platform_driver结构体，它使用Bus/Dev/Drv模型，当有匹配的platform_device时，它的probe函数就会被调用。

在probe函数中所做的事情跟之前的代码没有差别。

#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>

#include "led_opr.h"
#include "leddrv.h"
#include "led_resource.h"

static int g_ledpins[100];   //用来存引脚的物理地址
static int g_ledcnt = 0;     //记数有多少个引脚

static int board_demo_led_init (int which) /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */       
{   
    //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which);
    
    printk("init gpio: group %d, pin %d\n", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which]));
    switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which]))
    {
        case 0:
        {
            printk("init pin of group 0 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 1:
        {
            printk("init pin of group 1 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 2:
        {
            printk("init pin of group 2 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 3:
        {
            printk("init pin of group 3 ...\n");
            break;
        }
    }
    
    return 0;
}

static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
{
    //printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off");
    printk("set led %s: group %d, pin %d\n", status ? "on" : "off", GROUP(g_ledpins[which]), PIN(g_ledpins[which]));

    switch(GROUP(g_ledpins[which]))
    {
        case 0:
        {
            printk("set pin of group 0 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 1:
        {
            printk("set pin of group 1 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 2:
        {
            printk("set pin of group 2 ...\n");
            break;
        }
        case 3:
        {
            printk("set pin of group 3 ...\n");
            break;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = {
    .init = board_demo_led_init,
    .ctl  = board_demo_led_ctl,
};

struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void)
{
    return &board_demo_led_opr;          //好像没啥用
}

static int chip_demo_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
    struct resource *res;
    int i = 0;

    while (1)
    {
        res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, i++);
        if (!res)
            break;
        
        g_ledpins[g_ledcnt] = res->start;
        led_class_create_device(g_ledcnt);    //传入此设备号创建设备节点
        g_ledcnt++;
    }
    return 0;
    
}

static int chip_demo_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
    struct resource *res;
    int i = 0;

    while (1)
    {
        res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, i);
        if (!res)
            break;
        
        led_class_destroy_device(i);           //根据此设备号i销毁设备节点
        i++;
        g_ledcnt--;
    }
    return 0;
}


static struct platform_driver chip_demo_gpio_driver = {
    .probe      = chip_demo_gpio_probe,           //当device找到对应的驱动的时候调用probe
    .remove     = chip_demo_gpio_remove,          //销毁这个设备节点
    .driver     = {
        .name   = "100ask_led",
    },
};

static int __init chip_demo_gpio_drv_init(void)
{
    int err;
    
    err = platform_driver_register(&chip_demo_gpio_driver);    //注册驱动
    register_led_operations(&board_demo_led_opr);          //向上层提供初始化和控制函数
    
    return 0;
}

static void __exit lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit(void)
{
    platform_driver_unregister(&chip_demo_gpio_driver);    //销毁驱动
} 

module_init(chip_demo_gpio_drv_init);
module_exit(lchip_demo_gpio_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

3、led_drv.c（实现opr结构体）和之前一样

#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>

#include "led_opr.h"


/* 1. 确定主设备号                                                                 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *led_class;
struct led_operations *p_led_opr;


#define MIN(a, b) (a < b ? a : b)


void led_class_create_device(int minor)
{
	device_create(led_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, minor), NULL, "100ask_led%d", minor); /* /dev/100ask_led0,1,... */
}
void led_class_destroy_device(int minor)
{
	device_destroy(led_class, MKDEV(major, minor));
}
void register_led_operations(struct led_operations *opr)
{
	p_led_opr = opr;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_class_create_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(led_class_destroy_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_led_operations);
//a.c编译为a.ko，里面定义了func_a；如果它想让b.ko使用该函数，那么a.c里需要导出此函数(如果a.c, b.c都编进内核，则无需导出)
//下层会使用到这些函数，必须导出


/* 3. 实现对应的open/read/write等函数，填入file_operations结构体                   */
static ssize_t led_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	return 0;
}

/* write(fd, &val, 1); */
static ssize_t led_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
	int err;
	char status;
	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
	int minor = iminor(inode);    //读出此设备号
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	err = copy_from_user(&status, buf, 1);

	/* 根据次设备号和status控制LED */
	p_led_opr->ctl(minor, status);   
	
	return 1;
}

static int led_drv_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
	int minor = iminor(node);  //读出次设备号
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	/* 根据次设备号初始化LED */
	p_led_opr->init(minor);   //根据此设备号初始化引脚
	
	return 0;
}

static int led_drv_close (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	return 0;
}

/* 2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体                                              */
static struct file_operations led_drv = {
	.owner	 = THIS_MODULE,
	.open    = led_drv_open,
	.read    = led_drv_read,
	.write   = led_drv_write,
	.release = led_drv_close,
};

/* 4. 把file_operations结构体告诉内核：注册驱动程序                                */
/* 5. 谁来注册驱动程序啊？得有一个入口函数：安装驱动程序时，就会去调用这个入口函数 */
static int __init led_init(void)
{
	int err;
	
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
	major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_led", &led_drv);  /* /dev/led */
//输入0自动得到主设备号


	led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_led_class");   //创建一个类
	err = PTR_ERR(led_class);
	if (IS_ERR(led_class)) {
		printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
		unregister_chrdev(major, "led");
		return -1;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

/* 6. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数：卸载驱动程序时，就会去调用这个出口函数           */
static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
	printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);

	class_destroy(led_class);
	unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_led");
}


/* 7. 其他完善：提供设备信息，自动创建设备节点                                     */

module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

下面是所用的头文件

leddrv.h


#ifndef _LEDDRV_H
#define _LEDDRV_H

#include "led_opr.h"

void led_class_create_device(int minor);
void led_class_destroy_device(int minor);
void register_led_operations(struct led_operations *opr);

#endif /* _LEDDRV_H */

led_opr.h

#ifndef _LED_OPR_H
#define _LED_OPR_H

struct led_operations {
	int (*init) (int which); /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */       
	int (*ctl) (int which, char status); /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
};

struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void);


#endif

led_resource.h

#ifndef _LED_RESOURCE_H
#define _LED_RESOURCE_H

/* GPIO3_0 */
/* bit[31:16] = group */
/* bit[15:0]  = which pin */
#define GROUP(x) (x>>16)
#define PIN(x)   (x&0xFFFF)
#define GROUP_PIN(g,p) ((g<<16) | (p))


#endif

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