形态学操作

1、腐蚀操作--信息减少

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')

cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1) # iteration迭代次数

cv2.imshow('erosion',erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2、膨胀操作 

#执行上述腐蚀操作后可能出现边缘减淡
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
dige_dilate = cv2.dilate(dige_erosion,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('dilate',dige_dilate)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3、开运算与闭运算

• 开运算：先腐蚀，再膨胀
• 闭运算

# 开：先腐蚀，再膨胀
img = cv2.imread('dige.png')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
opening = cv2.motphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel)

cv2.imshow('opening',opening)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()


# 闭：先膨胀，再腐蚀
img = cv2.imread('dige.png')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
closing = cv2.motphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_CLSOE,kernel)

cv2.imshow('closing',closing)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

4、梯度运算

• 梯度 = 膨胀 - 腐蚀

# 梯度 = 膨胀-腐蚀
pie = cv2.imread('pie.png')
kernel = np.ones((7,7),np.uint8)
dilate = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iteration = 5)
erosion = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iteration = 5)

res = np.hstack((dilate,erosion))
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gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(pie,cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT,kernel)
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5、礼帽和黑帽

• 礼帽 = 原始输入 - 开运算结果
• 黑帽 = 闭运算 - 原始输入

# 礼帽
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT,kernel)

# 黑帽
blackhat = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT,kernel)