傅里叶级数拟合函数图像C++代码示例

 

#ifndef COMPLEX_H
#define COMPLEX_H

#define MY_PI acos(-1)

#include <cmath>

class Complex
{
public:
    double m_A;//实部或模长
    double m_B;//虚部或弧度角
public:
    Complex(double a=0,double b=0);

    static Complex toExpComplex(const Complex& x);

    static Complex toDescartesComplex(const Complex& x);

    static bool isAlmostZero(double value,  double epsilon = 1e-9)noexcept
    {
        return std::fabs(value) < epsilon;
    }

};

#endif // COMPLEX_H

#include "complex.h"

Complex::Complex(double a, double b):
    m_A(a),
    m_B(b)
{
}

Complex Complex::toExpComplex(const Complex &x)
{
    Complex c;
    c.m_A=pow(pow(x.m_A,2)+pow(x.m_B,2),0.5);
    if(isAlmostZero(x.m_A) && isAlmostZero(x.m_B)){
        c.m_B=double(0);//无意义
    }
    else if(isAlmostZero(x.m_A) && !isAlmostZero(x.m_B)){
        if(x.m_B>0)c.m_B=double(MY_PI/double(2));
        else c.m_B=double((MY_PI/double(2))*double(3));
    }
    else if(!isAlmostZero(x.m_A) && isAlmostZero(x.m_B)){
        if(x.m_A>0)c.m_B=double(0);
        else c.m_B=double(MY_PI);
    }
    else {
        if(x.m_A>0 && x.m_B>0)
            c.m_B=atan(fabs(x.m_B/x.m_A))+double(0);
        else if(x.m_A<0 && x.m_B>0)
            c.m_B=atan(fabs(x.m_A/x.m_B))+double(MY_PI/double(2));
        else if(x.m_A<0 && x.m_B<0)
            c.m_B=atan(fabs(x.m_B/x.m_A))+double(MY_PI);
        else if(x.m_A>0 && x.m_B<0)
            c.m_B=atan(fabs(x.m_A/x.m_B))+double((MY_PI/double(2))*double(3));
    }
    return c;
}

Complex Complex::toDescartesComplex(const Complex &x)
{
    Complex c;
    c.m_A=x.m_A*cos(x.m_B);
    c.m_B=x.m_A*sin(x.m_B);
    return c;
}

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QPaintEvent>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMap>
#include <QTimer>

#include "complex.h"

namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

private:
    int m_FittingNum     =201;  //拟合用的函数数量
    int m_CutNum         =1000; //近似积分切分区间的数量
    int m_TimeNum        =1000; //时间刻度

    QMap<int,Complex>   m_PointsMap;
    QVector<Complex>    m_Points;
    QMap<int,Complex>   m_PointArrow;

public:
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

private:
    Complex f(const double& t);

    void init();

    void paintEvent(QPaintEvent* e);

private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;
};

#endif // WIDGET_H

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    this->resize(1000,900);
    init();
}

Widget::~Widget()
{
    delete ui;
}
void Widget::init()
{
    for(int n=-m_FittingNum/2;n<=m_FittingNum/2;++n){
        Complex cn;
        for(int j=1;j<=m_CutNum;++j){
            double jek=double(j)/double(m_CutNum);
            Complex ct=Complex::toExpComplex(f(jek));
            cn.m_A+=(ct.m_A*cos(-2.0*MY_PI*double(n)*jek+ct.m_B))/double(m_CutNum);
            cn.m_B+=(ct.m_A*sin(-2.0*MY_PI*double(n)*jek+ct.m_B))/double(m_CutNum);
        }
        cn=Complex::toExpComplex(cn);
        m_PointsMap[n]=cn;
    }

    QTimer* timer=new QTimer(this);
    connect(timer,&QTimer::timeout,[=](){
       static int t=0;t++;
       if(t>m_TimeNum)return ;
       double timecoming=double(t)/double(m_TimeNum);
       Complex c;
       m_PointArrow.clear();
       for(auto it=m_PointsMap.begin();it!=m_PointsMap.end();++it){
           Complex ct;
           ct.m_A=it.value().m_A*cos(it.value().m_B+double(it.key())*2.0*MY_PI*timecoming);
           ct.m_B=it.value().m_A*sin(it.value().m_B+double(it.key())*2.0*MY_PI*timecoming);
           c.m_A+=ct.m_A;
           c.m_B+=ct.m_B;
           m_PointArrow[it.key()]=ct;
       }
       m_Points.push_back(c);
       update();

    });

    timer->start(10);

}


Complex Widget::f(const double &t)
{
    //t 0 —> 1
    //m_A代表实部 m_B代表虚部
    //这个函数随时间t变化返回一个a+b*i的复数（收尾闭合，极坐标a*exp(b*i)通过toDescartesComplex转化为a+b*i形式）
    Complex c;
    c.m_A = t*600 * sin(t * MY_PI * 10.0);
    c.m_B = t * 2.0 * MY_PI * 1.0;
    c=Complex::toDescartesComplex(c);
    return c;
}

void Widget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e)
{
    Q_UNUSED(e)

    QPainter painter(this);
    painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);
    QBrush brush;
    brush.setColor(QColor(0,0,0));
    brush.setStyle(Qt::SolidPattern);
    painter.setBrush(brush);
    painter.drawRect(0,0,this->width(),this->height());
    painter.setBrush(Qt::NoBrush);
    painter.setPen(QPen(QColor(255,255,255,100), 2));
    painter.setWindow(0, height(),  width(), -1 * height());
    int centerX = width() / 2;
    int centerY = height() / 2;
    painter.translate(centerX, centerY);
    painter.drawLine(-centerX, 0, centerX, 0);
    painter.drawLine(0, -centerY, 0, centerY);

    Complex ct;
    double r=0.0;
    ct.m_A=0;ct.m_B=0;
    int i=0;
    do
    {
        painter.drawLine(QPointF(ct.m_A,ct.m_B),QPointF(ct.m_A+m_PointArrow[i].m_A,ct.m_B+m_PointArrow[i].m_B));
        r =Complex::toExpComplex(m_PointArrow[i]).m_A;
        painter.drawEllipse(QPointF(ct.m_A,ct.m_B),r,r);
        ct.m_A+=m_PointArrow[i].m_A;
        ct.m_B+=m_PointArrow[i].m_B;
        if(i!=0){
            if(i<0){i=-i;}
            else {i=-i;--i;}
        }
        else {--i;}
    }while(qAbs(i)<=m_FittingNum/2);

    painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::yellow, 2));
    for (int i = 0; i < m_Points.size()-1; ++i) {
//        painter.drawEllipse(QPointF(m_Points[i].m_A,m_Points[i].m_B), 2, 2);
        painter.drawLine(QPointF(m_Points[i].m_A,m_Points[i].m_B),QPointF(m_Points[i+1].m_A,m_Points[i+1].m_B));
    }

}