2021-08-21

内置函数：callable, super, isinstance, issubclass

1. callable ：检查对象是否可调用

检查对象是否可调用。如果返回True，对象仍然可能调用失败；但如果返回False，调用对象绝对不会成功。

callable在类，函数，以及含有__call__的方法中返回True

def func():
    pass

print(callable(func))


class Foo:
    pass

print(callable(Foo))


class Foo:
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

obj = Foo()
print(callable(obj))

>>>True
>>>True
>>>True

2. super：按照mro继承关系向上找成员

class A:
    def show(self, n):
        print("A", n)
        # super是上一级，因为self是C，所以执行完A后会返回C，执行C的上一级B
        super().show(100+n) 


class B:
    def show(self, n):
        print("B", n)


class C(A, B):
    pass


obj = C()
obj.show(2)


>>>A 2
>>>B 102

3. isinstance ：判断对象是否是某个类或其子类的实例

class Top:
    pass


class Base(Top):
    pass


class Foo(Base):
    pass


v1 = Foo()
print(isinstance(v1, Foo))
print(isinstance(v1, Base))
print(isinstance(v1, Top))


>>>True
>>>True
>>>True

4. issubclass : 判断类是否是某个类的子孙类

class Top:
    pass


class Base(Top):
    pass


class Foo(Base):
    pass


print(issubclass(Foo, Base))
print(issubclass(Base, Top))


>>>True
>>>True
>>>True