反射总是记不住，那还是得多练

反射总是记不住，那还是得多练

获得Class（字节码文件）的有三种方法：

例如有一个Student类：

class Student {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    private char gender;
    private double height;
    private String hobby;

    public Student(String name, int age, char gender, double height, String hobby) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.height = height;
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }
}

三种方法：

// 1.直接通过 类名.class就可以获得字节码文件
Class clazz1 = Student.class;

// 2.通过Class.forName("包名.类名") 获得字节码文件
Class clazz2 = Class.forName("Student"); // 在一个包里，会抛出一个 ClassNotFoundException 异常

// 3.先new 一个对象再获得字节码文件
Student student = new Student("小A", 23, '女', 167.5, "睡觉");
Class s3 = student.getClass();

获得构造方法：

方法名	说明
Constructor<?>[] getConstructors()	获得所有的构造（只能public修饰）
Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors()	获得所有的构造（包含private修饰）
Constructor getConstructor(Class<?>… parameterTypes)	获取指定构造（只能public修饰）
Constructor getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>… parameterTypes)	获取指定构造（包含private修饰）

创建对象通过newInstance()方法：

        // 主函数里面的代码
		Student student = new Student("小A", 23, '女', 167.5, "睡觉");
        Class s = student.getClass();
        Constructor[] constructors = s.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println("构造方法" + constructor);
            Parameter[] parameters = constructor.getParameters();
            for (Parameter parameter : parameters) {
                System.out.println("形参" + parameter);
            }
        }
        Constructor constructor = s.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, char.class, double.class, String.class);
        Student o = (Student) constructor.newInstance("小B", 23, '女', 167.5, "睡觉");
        System.out.println(o.getName());

class Student {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    private char gender;
    private double height;
    private String hobby;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public Student(String name, int age, char gender, double height, String hobby) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.height = height;
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }
    private Student(String name) {
        System.out.println("这是私有构造方法");
    }
}

成员变量：

方法名	说明
Field[] getFields()	返回所有成员变量对象的数组（只能拿public的）
Field[] getDeclaredFields()	返回所有成员变量对象的数组，存在就能拿到
Field getField(String name)	返回单个成员变量对象（只能拿public的）
Field getDeclaredField(String name)	返回单个成员变量对象，存在就能拿到

方法	说明
void set(Object obj, Object value）	赋值
Object get(Object obj)	获取值

直接练习一下就OK了：

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        Student student = new Student("小A", 23, '女', 167.5, "睡觉");
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("波妞", BigDecimal.valueOf(100000));
        Class s = student.getClass();
        Class t = teacher.getClass();
        Field[] stu = s.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : stu) {
            field.setAccessible(true);
            String name = field.getName();

            Object value = field.get(student);

            System.out.println(name + "=" + value);
        }
        System.out.println("------------------");
        Field[] tea = t.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : tea) {
            field.setAccessible(true);
            String name = field.getName();

            Object value = field.get(teacher);

            System.out.println(name + "=" + value);
        }
    }
}
class Student {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    private char gender;
    private double height;
    private String hobby;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, char gender, double height, String hobby) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.height = height;
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }
    private Student(String name) {
        System.out.println("这是私有构造方法");
    }
}
class Teacher{
    private String name;
    private BigDecimal salary;

    public Teacher(String name, BigDecimal salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
    }
}

黑马：

public class ReflectDemo5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Student s = new Student("zhangsan",23,"广州");
        Student ss = new Student("lisi",24,"北京");
        //需求：
        //利用反射获取成员变量并获取值和修改值
        //1.获取class对象
        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.itheima.reflectdemo.Student");
        //2.获取name成员变量
        //field就表示name这个属性的对象
        Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
        //临时修饰他的访问权限
        field.setAccessible(true);
        //3.设置(修改)name的值
    	//参数一：表示要修改哪个对象的name？
    	//参数二：表示要修改为多少？
    	field.set(s,"wangwu");

    	//3.获取name的值
    	//表示我要获取这个对象的name的值
    	String result = (String)field.get(s);

    	//4.打印结果
    	System.out.println(result);

    	System.out.println(s);
    	System.out.println(ss);

	}
}
class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public String gender;
    public String address;


    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }
}

成员方法：

方法名	说明
Method[] getMethods()	返回所有成员方法对象的数组（只能拿public的）
Method[] getDeclaredMethods()	返回所有成员方法对象的数组，存在就能拿到
Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>… parameterTypes)	返回单个成员方法对象（只能拿public的）
Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>… parameterTypes)	返回单个成员方法对象，存在就能拿到

import java.lang.reflect.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        Student student = new Student("小A", 23, '女', 167.5, "睡觉");
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("波妞", BigDecimal.valueOf(100000));
        Class s = student.getClass();
        Class t = teacher.getClass();
        //获取一个指定的方法
        //参数一：方法名
        //参数二：参数列表，如果没有可以不写
        Method method = s.getDeclaredMethod("getName");
        //运行
        //参数一：表示方法的调用对象
        //参数二：方法在运行时需要的实际参数
        System.out.println(method.invoke(student));
    }
}
class Student {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    private char gender;
    private double height;
    private String hobby;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, char gender, double height, String hobby) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.height = height;
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }
    private Student(String name) {
        System.out.println("这是私有构造方法");
    }
}
class Teacher{
    private String name;
    private BigDecimal salary;

    public Teacher(String name, BigDecimal salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
    }
}