JavaWeb—Vue&Element

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已于 2022-07-18 19:09:17 修改

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分类专栏：笔记 JavaWeb 文章标签：前端 vue.js

于 2022-07-11 17:31:27 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_61843013/article/details/125725871

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1.3.1 v-bind & v-model 指令

一、Vue

1.1 概述

Vue是一套前端框架，免除原生JavaScript中的DOM操作，简化书写

Vue如何简化DOM书写呢？

基于MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) 思想，实现数据的双向绑定，将变成的关注点放在数据上。

之前是将关注点放在了 DOM 操作上；而要了解 MVVM 思想，必须先知道 MVC 思想，如下图就是 MVC 思想图解

1.2 快速入门

Vue使用起来分为三步：

1. 新建HTML页面，引入Vue.js文件
 <script src="js/vue.js"></script>

2. 在JS代码区域，创建Vue核心对象，进行数据绑定
   new Vue({
        el:"#app",
        data(){
            return {
                username:""
            }
        }
    });
创建Vue对象时，需要传递一个 JS 对象，而该对象中需要如下属性：

el：用来指定哪些标签受Vue管理。该属性取值 #app 中的 app 需要是受管理的标签的id属性值
data：用来定义数据模型
methods：用来定义函数

3. 编写视图
<div id="app">

    <input v-model="username">
    
    {{username}}
    
</div>
{{ }} 是Vue中定义的插值表达式，在里面写数据模型，到时候会将该模型的数据值展示在这个位置

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">

    <input v-model="username">
    <!--插值表达式-->
    {{username}}

</div>

<script src="js/vue.js"></script>

<script>

    //1. 创建vue核心对象
    new Vue({
        el:"#app",
        data(){
            return {
                username:""
            }
        }
    });
    
</script>

</body>
</html>

1.3 Vue指令

指令：HTML标签上带有 v- 前缀的特殊属性，不同指令具有不同含义

1.3.1 v-bind & v-model 指令

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="app">
    <a v-bind:href="url">点击一下</a>
    <a :href="url">点击一下</a>
    <input v-model="url">
</div>

<script src="js/vue.js"></script>

<script>
    //1. 创建vue核心对象
    new Vue({
        el:"#app",
        data(){
            return {
                username:"",
                url:"https://baidu.com"
            }
        }
    });
</script>

</body>
</html>

1.3.2 v-on 指令

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <input type="button" value="一个按钮" v-on:click="show()"><br>
    <input type="button" value="一个按钮" @click="show()">
</div>

<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    //1. 创建Vue核心对象
    new Vue({
        el:"#app",
        data(){
            return {
                username:"",
                url:"https://www.baidu.com"
            }
        },
        methods:{
            show(){
                alert("我被点了...");
            }
        }
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>

1.3.3 条件判断指令

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">

    <div v-if="count == 3">div1</div>
    <div v-else-if="count == 4">div2</div>
    <div v-else>div3</div>
    <hr>
    <div v-show="count ==3">div v-show</div>
    <br>

    <input v-model="count">
</div>

<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    //1. 创建Vue核心对象
    new Vue({
        el:"#app",
        data(){
            return {
                username:"",
                url:"https://www.baidu.com",
                count:3
            }
        },
        methods:{
            show(){
                alert("我被点了...");
            }
        }
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>

1.3.4 v-for 指令

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <div v-for="addr in addrs">
        {{addr}} <br>
    </div>

    <hr>
    <div v-for="(addr,i) in addrs">
        {{i+1}}--{{addr}} <br>
    </div>
</div>

<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    //1. 创建Vue核心对象
    new Vue({
        el:"#app",
        data(){
            return {
                username:"",
                url:"https://www.baidu.com",
                count:3,
                addrs:["北京","上海","西安"]
            }
        },
        methods:{
            show(){
                alert("我被点了...");
            }
        }
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>

1.4 生命周期

生命周期的八个阶段：每触发一个生命周期事件，会自动执行一个生命周期方法，这些生命周期方法也被称为钩子方法。

下图是 Vue 官网提供的从创建 Vue 到效果 Vue 对象的整个过程及各个阶段对应的钩子函数

二、Element

Element：是饿了么公司前端开发团队提供的一套基于Vue的网站组件库，用于快速构建网页

Element提供了很多组件(组成网页的部件)供我们使用。例如：超链接、按钮、图片、表格等等

官网网址：

Element - The world's most popular Vue UI framework

2.1 快速入门

1. 将资源 element-ui 文件夹直接拷贝到项目的 webapp 下。目录结构如下

2. 创建页面，并在页面引入Element 的css、js文件和 Vue.js
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css">

3. 创建Vue核心对象

Element 是基于 Vue 的，所以使用Element时必须要创建 Vue 对象
<script>
    new Vue({
        el:"#app",
    })
</script>

4. 官网复制Element组件代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <el-row>
        <el-button>默认按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="primary">主要按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="success">成功按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="info">信息按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="warning">警告按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="danger">删除</el-button>
    </el-row>
    <el-row>
        <el-button plain>朴素按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="primary" plain>主要按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="success" plain>成功按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="info" plain>信息按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="warning" plain>警告按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="danger" plain>危险按钮</el-button>
    </el-row>

    <el-row>
        <el-button round>圆角按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="primary" round>主要按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="success" round>成功按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="info" round>信息按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="warning" round>警告按钮</el-button>
        <el-button type="danger" round>危险按钮</el-button>
    </el-row>

    <el-row>
        <el-button icon="el-icon-search" circle></el-button>
        <el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit" circle></el-button>
        <el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-check" circle></el-button>
        <el-button type="info" icon="el-icon-message" circle></el-button>
        <el-button type="warning" icon="el-icon-star-off" circle></el-button>
        <el-button type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" circle></el-button>
    </el-row>
</div>


<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css">

<script>

    new Vue({
        el:"#app",
    })


</script>

</body>
</html>

2.2 Element布局

Element 提供了两种布局方式，分别是：

Layout 布局
Container 布局容器

2.2.1 Layout 布局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <style>
        .el-row {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        .el-col {
            border-radius: 4px;
        }

        .bg-purple-dark {
            background: #99a9bf;
        }

        .bg-purple {
            background: #d3dce6;
        }

        .bg-purple-light {
            background: #e5e9f2;
        }

        .grid-content {
            border-radius: 4px;
            min-height: 36px;
        }

        .row-bg {
            padding: 10px 0;
            background-color: #f9fafc;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <el-row>
        <el-col :span="24">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple-dark"></div>
        </el-col>
    </el-row>
    <el-row>
        <el-col :span="12">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="12">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div>
        </el-col>
    </el-row>
    <el-row>
        <el-col :span="8">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="8">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="8">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div>
        </el-col>
    </el-row>
    <el-row>
        <el-col :span="6">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="6">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="6">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="6">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div>
        </el-col>
    </el-row>
    <el-row>
        <el-col :span="4">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="4">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="4">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="4">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="4">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :span="4">
            <div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div>
        </el-col>
    </el-row>

    <el-row>
        <el-col :span="3"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
        <el-col :span="3"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
        <el-col :span="3"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
        <el-col :span="3"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
        <el-col :span="3"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
        <el-col :span="3"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
        <el-col :span="3"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
        <el-col :span="3"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
    </el-row>
</div>

<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css">

<script>
    new Vue({
        el: "#app",
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.2.2 Container 布局容器

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .el-header {
            background-color: #B3C0D1;
            color: #333;
            line-height: 60px;
        }

        .el-aside {
            color: #333;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <el-container style="height: 500px; border: 1px solid #eee">
        <el-aside width="200px" style="background-color: rgb(238, 241, 246)">
            <el-menu :default-openeds="['1', '3']">
                <el-submenu index="1">
                    <template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-message"></i>导航一</template>
                    <el-menu-item-group>
                        <template slot="title">分组一</template>
                        <el-menu-item index="1-1">选项1</el-menu-item>
                        <el-menu-item index="1-2">选项2</el-menu-item>
                    </el-menu-item-group>
                    <el-menu-item-group title="分组2">
                        <el-menu-item index="1-3">选项3</el-menu-item>
                    </el-menu-item-group>
                    <el-submenu index="1-4">
                        <template slot="title">选项4</template>
                        <el-menu-item index="1-4-1">选项4-1</el-menu-item>
                    </el-submenu>
                </el-submenu>
                <el-submenu index="2">
                    <template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-menu"></i>导航二</template>
                    <el-menu-item-group>
                        <template slot="title">分组一</template>
                        <el-menu-item index="2-1">选项1</el-menu-item>
                        <el-menu-item index="2-2">选项2</el-menu-item>
                    </el-menu-item-group>
                    <el-menu-item-group title="分组2">
                        <el-menu-item index="2-3">选项3</el-menu-item>
                    </el-menu-item-group>
                    <el-submenu index="2-4">
                        <template slot="title">选项4</template>
                        <el-menu-item index="2-4-1">选项4-1</el-menu-item>
                    </el-submenu>
                </el-submenu>
                <el-submenu index="3">
                    <template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-setting"></i>导航三</template>
                    <el-menu-item-group>
                        <template slot="title">分组一</template>
                        <el-menu-item index="3-1">选项1</el-menu-item>
                        <el-menu-item index="3-2">选项2</el-menu-item>
                    </el-menu-item-group>
                    <el-menu-item-group title="分组2">
                        <el-menu-item index="3-3">选项3</el-menu-item>
                    </el-menu-item-group>
                    <el-submenu index="3-4">
                        <template slot="title">选项4</template>
                        <el-menu-item index="3-4-1">选项4-1</el-menu-item>
                    </el-submenu>
                </el-submenu>
            </el-menu>
        </el-aside>

        <el-container>
            <el-header style="text-align: right; font-size: 12px">
                <el-dropdown>
                    <i class="el-icon-setting" style="margin-right: 15px"></i>
                    <el-dropdown-menu slot="dropdown">
                        <el-dropdown-item>查看</el-dropdown-item>
                        <el-dropdown-item>新增</el-dropdown-item>
                        <el-dropdown-item>删除</el-dropdown-item>
                    </el-dropdown-menu>
                </el-dropdown>
                <span>王小虎</span>
            </el-header>

            <el-main>
                <el-table :data="tableData">
                    <el-table-column prop="date" label="日期" width="140">
                    </el-table-column>
                    <el-table-column prop="name" label="姓名" width="120">
                    </el-table-column>
                    <el-table-column prop="address" label="地址">
                    </el-table-column>
                </el-table>
            </el-main>
        </el-container>
    </el-container>
</div>

<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css">

<script>
    new Vue({
        el: "#app",
        data() {
            const item = {
                date: '2016-05-02',
                name: '王小虎',
                address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
            };
            return {
                tableData: Array(20).fill(item)
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.3 案例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .el-table .warning-row {
            background: oldlace;
        }

        .el-table .success-row {
            background: #f0f9eb;
        }
    </style>

</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <!--搜索表单-->
    <el-form :inline="true" :model="brand" class="demo-form-inline">

        <el-form-item label="当前状态">
            <el-select v-model="brand.status" placeholder="当前状态">
                <el-option label="启用" value="1"></el-option>
                <el-option label="禁用" value="0"></el-option>
            </el-select>
        </el-form-item>

        <el-form-item label="企业名称">
            <el-input v-model="brand.companyName" placeholder="企业名称"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>

        <el-form-item label="品牌名称">
            <el-input v-model="brand.brandName" placeholder="品牌名称"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>

        <el-form-item>
            <el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">查询</el-button>
        </el-form-item>
    </el-form>

    <!--按钮-->
    <el-row>
        <el-button type="danger" plain>批量删除</el-button>
        <el-button type="primary" plain @click="dialogVisible = true">增加</el-button>
    </el-row>

    <!--添加数据对话框表单-->
    <el-dialog
            title="编辑品牌"
            :visible.sync="dialogVisible"
            width="30%">

        <el-form ref="form" :model="brand" label-width="80px">
            <el-form-item label="品牌名称">
                <el-input v-model="brand.brandName"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>

            <el-form-item label="企业名称">
                <el-input v-model="brand.companyName"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>

            <el-form-item label="排序">
                <el-input v-model="brand.ordered"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>

            <el-form-item label="备注">
                <el-input type="textarea" v-model="brand.description"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>

            <el-form-item label="状态">
                <el-switch v-model="brand.status"
                           active-value="1"
                           inactive-value="0"
                ></el-switch>
            </el-form-item>

            <el-form-item>
                <el-button type="primary" @click="addBrand">提交</el-button>
                <el-button @click="dialogVisible = false">取消</el-button>
            </el-form-item>
        </el-form>


    </el-dialog>

    <template>
        <!--表格-->
        <el-table
                :data="tableData"
                style="width: 100%"
                :row-class-name="tableRowClassName"
                @selection-change="handleSelectionChange">
            <el-table-column
                    type="selection"
                    width="55"
                    align="center">
            </el-table-column>
            <el-table-column
                    type="index"
                    width="50">
            </el-table-column>
            <el-table-column
                    prop="brandName"
                    label="品牌名称"
                    align="center">
            </el-table-column>
            <el-table-column
                    prop="companyName"
                    label="企业名称"
                    align="center">
            </el-table-column>
            <el-table-column
                    prop="ordered"
                    label="排序"
                    align="center">
            </el-table-column>
            <el-table-column
                    prop="status"
                    label="当前状态"
                    align="center">
            </el-table-column>
            <el-table-column
                    prop="address"
                    label="操作"
                    align="center">
                <el-row>
                    <el-button type="primary">修改</el-button>
                    <el-button type="danger">删除</el-button>
                </el-row>
            </el-table-column>
        </el-table>
    </template>

    <!--分页工具条-->
    <el-pagination
            @size-change="handleSizeChange"
            @current-change="handleCurrentChange"
            :current-page="currentPage"
            :page-sizes="[5, 10, 15, 20]"
            :page-size="5"
            layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper"
            :total="400">
    </el-pagination>
</div>

<script src="js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css">

<script>

    new Vue({
        el: "#app",
        methods: {
            tableRowClassName({row, rowIndex}) {
                if (rowIndex === 1) {
                    return 'warning-row';
                } else if (rowIndex === 3) {
                    return 'success-row';
                }
                return '';
            },
            //复选框选中后执行的方法
            handleSelectionChange(val) {
                this.multipleSelection = val;
                console.log(this.multipleSelection)
            },
            //查询方法
            onSubmit() {
                console.log(this.brand);
            },
            //添加数据
            addBrand(){
                console.log(this.brand);
            },
            //分页
            handleSizeChange(val) {
                console.log(`每页 ${val} 条`);
            },
            handleCurrentChange(val) {
                console.log(`当前页: ${val}`);
            }
        },
        data() {
            return {
                //当前页码
                currentPage: 4,

                //添加数据对话框是否展示的标记
                dialogVisible: false,

                //品牌模型数据
                brand: {
                    status: '',
                    brandName: '',
                    companyName: '',
                    id:"",
                    ordered:"",
                    description:""
                },

                //复选框选中数据集合
                multipleSelection: [],

                //表格数据
                tableData: [{
                    brandName: '华为',
                    companyName: '华为科技有限公司',
                    ordered: '100',
                    status: '1'
                }, {
                    brandName: '华为',
                    companyName: '华为科技有限公司',
                    ordered: '100',
                    status: '1'
                }, {
                    brandName: '华为',
                    companyName: '华为科技有限公司',
                    ordered: '100',
                    status: '1'
                }, {
                    brandName: '华为',
                    companyName: '华为科技有限公司',
                    ordered: '100',
                    status: '1'
                }]
            }
        }
    })

</script>
</body>
</html>