.5 运算符重载
运算符重载概念:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另外一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型
4.5.1 加号运算符重载
作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
1 #include<iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3 //加号运算符重载
4 class Person
5 {
6 public:
7 //成员函数重载+号
8 Person operator+(Person &p)
9 {
10 Person temp;
11 temp.m_A = p.m_A + this->m_A;
12 temp.m_B = p.m_B + this->m_B;
13 return temp;
14 }
15 int m_A;
16 int m_B;
17 };
18
19 //全局函数重载
20 Person operator+(Person &p1,Person &p2)
21 {
22 Person temp;
23 temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
24 temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
25 return temp;
26 }
27 void test01()
28 {
29 Person p1;
30 p1.m_A = 10;
31 p1.m_B = 10;
32 Person p2;
33 p2.m_A = 10;
34 p2.m_B = 10;
35
36 Person p3 = p1 + p2;
37 //成员函数重载的本质
38 Person p3 = p1.operator+(p2);
39 //全局函数重载的本质
40 Person p5 = operator+(p1,p2);
41 cout << p3.m_A << " " << p3.m_B<<endl;
42 }
43 //1.成员函数重载+号
44 int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
45 {
46 test01();
47 return 0;
48 }
4.5.2 左移运算符重载
1 #include<iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3
4 //左移
5 class Person
6 {
7 public:
8 //内置重载函数 左移运算符
9 //实现不了
10 int m_A;
11 int m_B;
12 };
13
14 //全局重载函数
15 void operator<<(ostream &cout ,Person &p)
16 {
17 cout << "m_A = " << p.m_A << "m_B = " <<p.m_B << endl;
18 }
19
20 void test01()
21 {
22 Person p;
23 p.m_A = 10;
24 p.m_B = 10;
25
26 cout << p.m_A <<endl;
27 }
28 int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
29 {
30 test01();
31 return 0;
32 }
4.5.3递增运算符重载
作用:通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的整型数据
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Myinterger
{
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout,Myinterger myint);
public:
//重载前置++函数
//返回引用是为了一直对一个数据进行递增操作
Myinterger& operator++()
{
m_Num++;
return *this;
}
//重载后置++函数
//int 是占位参数
Myinterger operator++(int)
{
//先记录当时结果
Myinterger temp = *this;
m_Num++;
return temp;
}
Myinterger()
{
m_Num = 0;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
//重载<<运算符
ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout,Myinterger myint)
{
cout << myint.m_Num;
return cout;
}
void test01()
{
Myinterger myint;
++myint;
cout << myint << endl;
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.5.4 赋值运算符重载
1.编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
-
默认构造函数(无参,函数为空)
-
默认析构函数(无参,函数为空)
-
默认拷贝构造函数,对属性进行值拷贝
-
赋值运算符 operator=,对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时会出现深浅拷贝问题
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
//等号重载函数
Person& operator=(Person &p)
{
//实现浅拷贝
//先判断是否有属性在堆区,先释放在深拷贝
if (m_age != NULL)
{
delete m_age;
m_age = NULL;
}
m_age = new int(*p.m_age);
return *this;
}
Person(int age)
{
m_age = new int(age);
}
int *m_age;
~Person()
{
if (m_age != NULL)
{
delete m_age;
}
}
};
void test01()
{
Person p1(18);
Person p2(12);
p2 = p1;
cout << "p1的年龄为:"<<*p1.m_age<<endl;
cout << "p1的年龄为:"<<*p2.m_age<<endl;
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.5.5 关系运算符重载
作用:重载关系运算符,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
//重载==
bool operator==(Person &p)
{
if (m_name == p.m_name && m_age == p.m_age)
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
Person(string name , int age)
{
m_name = name;
m_age = age;
}
private:
string m_name;
int m_age;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1("zyl",18);
Person p2("zyl",18);
bool b = (p1==p2);
cout << b << endl;
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.5.6 函数调用运算符重载
-
函数调用运算符()也可以重载
-
由于重载后使用的方式非常想函数的调用,因此也成为仿函数
-
仿函数你没有固定写法,非常灵活
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class MyPrint
{
public:
void operator()(string text)
{
cout << text <<endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
MyPrint mp;
mp("hello");//仿函数
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
test01();
return 0;
}