微服务的三种调用方式

一、basic

1.导入依赖

<!--引入web依赖-->

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引⼊服务的注册和发现依赖-->
<dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.写配置文件yaml

        注册服务，项目名称，端口号

3.访问微服务

public class ProvideServiceImpl implements ProvideService {
//发现
@Resource
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;

@Override
public JsonResult a() {
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("example-provide");
log.info("提供者路径:{}", instances);//微服务项目地址
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = instances.get(0);
log.info("实例路径:{}", serviceInstance);//微服务项目实例地址
URI uri = serviceInstance.getUri();//微服务项目实例访问路径
log.info("uri:{}", uri);
String url = uri.toString() + "/provide/a";
JsonResult result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, JsonResult.class);
return result;
}

注意：RestTemplate需要手动交给spring管理，再启动类中加入

 二、ribbon方式访问

1.导依赖
<!-- 负载均衡 -->
<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.写配置文件yaml

        注册服务，项目名称，端口号

3.访问微服务

public class ConsumerRibbonServiceImpl implements ConsumerRibbonService {
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Override
public JsonResult a() {
String uri = "http://example-provide/provide/a";
return restTemplate.getForObject(uri, JsonResult.class);
}

注意：RestTemplate需要手动交给spring管理，再启动类中加入，ribbon方式需要开启负载均衡，使用@LoadBalanced注解。

 三、Feign方式访问

1.导入依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--注册和发现依赖 服务治理相关依赖-->
<dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引⼊openfeign依赖-->
<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.写配置文件yaml

        注册服务，项目名称，端口号

3.访问微服务

        （1）启动类               

                @SpringBootApplication
                @EnableDiscoveryClient
                @EnableFeignClients
                public class ExampleConsumerFeignApplication {
                        public static void main(String[] args) {
                                SpringApplication.run(ExampleConsumerFeignApplication.class, args);
                         }
                }

        （2）feigen类

                @FeignClient("微服务项目名")
                public interface ProvideFeign {
                        @GetMapping("实际访问路径")
                        JsonResult a();
                }

        （3）访问其他微服务          

                @RestController
                @RequestMapping("/consumer_feign")
                public class ConsumerFeignController {
                        @Resource
                        private ProvideFeign provideFeign;
                                @GetMapping("/a")
                                public JsonResult a(){
                                return provideFeign.a();
}
}