C++中引用的总结

1.引用的基本语法

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int& b = a;
	cout << "a =" << a << endl;
	cout << "b =" << b << endl;

	b = 100;

	cout << "a =" << a << endl;
	cout << "b =" << b << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.引用必须初始化

    引用在初始化后，不可以改变

3.引用做函数参数

代码样例：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//1.值传递
void mySwap01(int a, int b)
{
	int temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}
//2.地址传递
void mySwap02(int *a, int *b)
{
	int temp = *a;
	*a = *b;
	*b = temp;
}
//3.引用传递
void mySwap03(int &a, int &b)
{
	int temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}
int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;

	mySwap01(a, b);
	mySwap02(&a, &b);
	mySwap03(a, b);

	cout << "a =" << a << endl;
	cout << "b =" << b << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

4.引用做函数返回值

如果函数的返回值是引用，这个函数调用可以作为左值

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int& test01()
{
	int a = 10;
	return a;
}

//函数的调用作为左值
int& test02()
{
	static int a = 10;
	return a;
}
int main()
{
	//int& ref = test01();

	//cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;//正确
	//cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;//错误
	int& ref = test02();
	cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;
	cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;
	cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;



	//函数调用作为左值并且关于1000
	//如果函数的返回值是引用，这个函数调用可以作为左值
	test02() = 1000;




	cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;
	cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;
	cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;
	cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;
	cout << "ref = " << ref << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}