风向风速数据采集

主要采用RS485通讯

1、风速采集

首先要查询传感器在主机上的端口号和波特率（正常为4800），代码如下：

port_list = list(serial.tools.list_ports.comports())
    if len(port_list) == 0:
        print("无可用串口！")
    else:
        for i in range(0, len(port_list)):
            print(port_list[i])
    port_num = 'COM' + input('Port Number = COM:')

根据端口返回的二进制代码转换成十六进制代码，转成十进制，最后根据产品说明书量程数据转换成正常风速

 在根据风力等级表转成对应的风力等级

全部代码

import serial
import time
import serial.tools.list_ports

def wind_speed():
    temp_send = '01 03 00 00 00 02 C4 0B'
    ser = serial.Serial(port_num, 4800)
    # 发送的数据转为2进制b'\x01\x03\x00\x00\x00\x02\xc4\x0b'
    temp_send = bytes.fromhex(temp_send)
    #print(temp_send)
    while True:
        if ser.is_open:
            #print('port open ok')
            ser.write(temp_send)
            time.sleep(1)
            # 获取返回的缓冲data,获取的是buffer_data的长度  9
            buffer_data = ser.in_waiting
            #print(buffer_data, 'buffer_data')
            if buffer_data:
                # 返回的数据为2进制：b'\x01\x03\x04\x01\x08\x022\xfa\xb8'
                return_data = ser.read(buffer_data)
                #print('返回的数据2进制:', return_data)
                # 二进制转换为16进制：010304010802307b79
                return_data_hex = str(return_data.hex())
                #print('返回的数据转换为16进制:', return_data_hex)
                # 对返回的数据进行解析，16进制转成10进制
                wind_speed = int(return_data_hex[6:10], 16)/10
                local_time = time.localtime()
                now_time = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S", local_time)
                with open('D:\\风速.txt', 'a',encoding='utf-8') as file:
                ##with open('D:\\desktop\\python_study\\python_exe\\电流信号处理\\风速.txt', 'a',encoding='utf-8') as file:
                    if wind_speed <= 0.3:
                        file.write(str(now_time))
                        file.write('\t无风，风速为：')
                        file.write(str(wind_speed))
                        file.write('m/s\n')
                        print(now_time,'\t','无风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 0.3 <= wind_speed <=1.5:
                        file.write(str(now_time))
                        file.write('\t一级软风，风速为：')
                        file.write(str(wind_speed))
                        file.write('m/s\n')
                        print(now_time,'\t','1级软风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 1.6 <= wind_speed <=3.3:
                        file.write(str(now_time))
                        file.write('\t二级软风，风速为：')
                        file.write(str(wind_speed))
                        file.write('m/s\n')
                        print(now_time, '\t', '2级软风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 3.4 <= wind_speed <=5.4:
                        file.write(str(now_time))
                        file.write('\t三级微风，风速为：')
                        file.write(str(wind_speed))
                        file.write('m/s\n')
                        print(now_time, '\t', '3级微风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 5.5 <= wind_speed <=7.9:
                        file.write(str(now_time))
                        file.write('\t四级和风，风速为：')
                        file.write(str(wind_speed))
                        file.write('m/s\n')
                        print(now_time, '\t', '4级和风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 8.0 <= wind_speed <=10.7:
                        print(now_time, '\t', '5级清劲风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 10.8 <= wind_speed <=13.8:
                        print(now_time, '\t', '6级强风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 13.9 <= wind_speed <=17.1:
                        print(now_time, '\t', '7级疾风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 17.2 <= wind_speed <=20.7:
                        print(now_time, '\t', '8级大风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    elif 20.8 <= wind_speed <=24.4:
                        print(now_time, '\t', '9级烈风', wind_speed, 'm/s')
                    time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    port_list = list(serial.tools.list_ports.comports())
    if len(port_list) == 0:
        print("无可用串口！")
    else:
        for i in range(0, len(port_list)):
            print(port_list[i])
    port_num = 'COM' + input('Port Number = COM:')
    wind_speed()

 2、风向采集

跟风速采集类似，要先对准北方，然后根据旋转角度得出风向

全部代码：

import serial
import time

temp_send = '01 03 00 00 00 02 C4 0B'
Port_number = input('请输入端口号（COM5/COM6/COM7）:')
ser = serial.Serial(Port_number, 4800)
# 发送的数据转为2进制b'\x01\x03\x00\x00\x00\x02\xc4\x0b'
temp_send = bytes.fromhex(temp_send)
#print(temp_send)
while True:
    if ser.is_open:
        #print('port open ok')
        ser.write(temp_send)
        time.sleep(1)
        # 获取返回的缓冲data,获取的是buffer_data的长度  9
        buffer_data = ser.in_waiting
        #print(buffer_data, 'buffer_data')
        if buffer_data:
            # 返回的数据为2进制：b'\x01\x03\x04\x01\x08\x022\xfa\xb8'
            return_data = ser.read(buffer_data)
            #print('返回的数据2进制:', return_data)
            # 二进制转换为16进制：010304010802307b79
            return_data_hex = str(return_data.hex())
            #print('返回的数据转换为16进制:', return_data_hex)
            # 对返回的数据进行解析，16进制转成10进制
            wind_direction = int(return_data_hex[6:10], 16)
            local_time = time.localtime()
            now_time = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S", local_time)
            if wind_direction == 0:
                print(now_time, '\t', '北风')
            elif wind_direction == 1:
                print(now_time, '\t', '东北风')
            elif wind_direction == 2:
                print(now_time, '\t', '东风')
            elif wind_direction == 3:
                print(now_time, '\t', '东南风')
            elif wind_direction == 4:
                print(now_time, '\t', '南风')
            elif wind_direction == 5:
                print(now_time, '\t', '西南风')
            elif wind_direction == 6:
                print(now_time, '\t', '西风')
            elif wind_direction == 7:
                print(now_time, '\t', '西北风')
            time.sleep(2)

3、温湿度采集

代码

#!/usr/bin/env python
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import numpy as np
import time

DHTPIN = 17  # 引脚号17

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)  # 以BCM编码格式


def read_dht11_dat():
    GPIO.setup(DHTPIN, GPIO.OUT)
    GPIO.output(DHTPIN, GPIO.LOW)
    # 给信号提示传感器开始工作,并保持低电平18ms以上
    time.sleep(0.02)  # 这里保持20ms
    GPIO.output(DHTPIN, GPIO.HIGH)  # 然后输出高电平

    GPIO.setup(DHTPIN, GPIO.IN)
    # 发送完开始信号后得把输出模式换成输入模式，不然信号线上电平始终被拉高

    while GPIO.input(DHTPIN) == GPIO.LOW:
        continue
    # DHT11发出应答信号，输出 80 微秒的低电平

    while GPIO.input(DHTPIN) == GPIO.HIGH:
        continue
    # 紧接着输出 80 微秒的高电平通知外设准备接收数据

    # 开始接收数据
    j = 0  # 计数器
    data = []  # 收到的二进制数据
    kk = []  # 存放每次高电平结束后的k值的列表
    while j < 40:
        k = 0
        while GPIO.input(DHTPIN) == GPIO.LOW:  # 先是 50 微秒的低电平
            continue

        while GPIO.input(DHTPIN) == GPIO.HIGH:  # 接着是26-28微秒的高电平，或者 70 微秒的高电平
            k += 1
            if k > 100:
                break
        kk.append(k)
        if k < 8:  # 26-28 微秒时高电平时通常k等于5或6
            data.append(0)  # 在数据列表后面添加一位新的二进制数据“0”
        else:  # 70 微秒时高电平时通常k等于17或18
            data.append(1)  # 在数据列表后面添加一位新的二进制数据“1”

        j += 1

    print("sensor is working.")
    print('初始数据高低电平:\n', data ) # 输出初始数据高低电平
    print('参数k的列表内容：\n', kk ) # 输出高电平结束后的k值

    m = np.logspace(7, 0, 8, base=2, dtype=int)  # logspace()函数用于创建一个于等比数列的数组
    # 即[128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1]，8位二进制数各位的权值
    data_array = np.array(data)  # 将data列表转换为数组

    # dot()函数对于两个一维的数组，计算的是这两个数组对应下标元素的乘积和(数学上称之为内积)
    humidity = m.dot(data_array[0:8])  # 用前8位二进制数据计算湿度的十进制值
    humidity_point = m.dot(data_array[8:16])
    temperature = m.dot(data_array[16:24])
    temperature_point = m.dot(data_array[24:32])
    check = m.dot(data_array[32:40])

    print(humidity, humidity_point, temperature, temperature_point, check)

    tmp = humidity + humidity_point + temperature + temperature_point
    # 十进制的数据相加
    if check == tmp:  # 数据校验，相等则输出
        return humidity, temperature
    else:  # 错误输出错误信息
        return False


def main():
    print("Raspberry Pi DHT11 Temperature test program\n")
    time.sleep(1)  # 通电后前一秒状态不稳定，时延一秒
    while True:
        result = read_dht11_dat()
        if result:
            humidity, temperature = result
            print("humidity: %s %%,  Temperature: %s  ℃" % \
            (humidity, temperature))
            print('\n')
            time.sleep(1)

        if result == False:
            print("Data are wrong,skip\n")
            time.sleep(1)


def destroy():
    GPIO.cleanup()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        main()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        destroy()

4、采集结果