网络编程 udp/ip协议 c/s模型

目录

1.概念​编辑

 2.代码解析

        1.recvfrom函数

        2.sendto函数

        3.内核泄露问题

整体代码

---

1.概念

 2.代码解析

        1.recvfrom函数

该函数接收数据报，并存储源地址，即得到当前服务器接收到的消息，并且存储在参数2，该函数是阻塞的，会一直死等，UDP是无差别获取客户端，是与客户端1对多的关系，函数原型

int WSAAPI recvfrom(
  [in]                SOCKET   s,
  [out]               char     *buf,
  [in]                int      len,
  [in]                int      flags,
  [out]               sockaddr *from,
  [in, out, optional] int      *fromlen
);

参数1：服务器socket

参数2：字符数组，用来存储收到的消息

参数3：想要读取的字节数

参数4：数据读取方式， 0表示默认方式

参数5：获取到对方的IP地址和端口号

参数6：参数5结构体大小

        返回值：成功放回字节数，失败返回SOCKET_ERROR

##代码样例

while (1)
	{
		struct sockaddr siClient;
		char strBuf[548] = { 0 };
		int nLen = sizeof(siClient);
		int num = recvfrom(socketServer, strBuf, nLen, 0, &siClient, &nLen);
		if (num == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			int a = WSAGetLastError();
			printf("接收出错，错误码：%d\n", a);
		}
	}

        2.sendto函数

该函数向目标发送数据，函数原型

int WSAAPI sendto(
  [in] SOCKET         s,
  [in] const char     *buf,
  [in] int            len,
  [in] int            flags,
  [in] const sockaddr *to,
  [in] int            tolen
);

参数1：服务器socket

参数2：要发送的字符串

参数3：发送的字符串的字节数

参数4：填0

参数5：对方IP地址和端口号

参数6：参数5的大小

        返回值：成功放回字节数，失败返回SOCKET_ERROR

##代码样例

//发送
		int sNum = sendto(socketServer, "hello Client", sizeof("hello Client"), 0, &siClient, sizeof(siClient));
		if (sNum == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			int a = WSAGetLastError();
			printf("发送出错，错误码：%d\n", a);
		}

        3.内核泄露问题

程序关闭是没有办法释放socket和网络库的，需要在主函数中投递一个监视函数，函数原型

主函数投递监视  SetConsoleCtrlHandler(HandlerRoutine,FALSE)
BOOL WINAPI HandlerRoutine(DWORD dwCtrlType)
{
    switch(dwCtrlType)
    {
        case CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
            //释放socket
            break;
    }
    return FALSE;
}

##代码样例

BOOL WINAPI ctrlhandle(DWORD dwCtrlType)
{
	switch (dwCtrlType)
	{
	case CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
		closesocket(socketServer);
		WSACleanup();
		break;
	}
	return FALSE;
}

int main()
{
	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrlhandle, TRUE);//投递监视函数
	//第一步 打开网络库并校验版本
}

整体代码

        服务器

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS

#include<stdio.h>
#include<winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

SOCKET socketServer;

BOOL WINAPI ctrlhandle(DWORD dwCtrlType)
{
	switch (dwCtrlType)
	{
	case CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
		closesocket(socketServer);
		WSACleanup();
		break;
	}
	return FALSE;
}

int main()
{
	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrlhandle, TRUE);//投递监视函数
	//第一步 打开网络库并校验版本
	WORD wdVersion = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
	WSADATA wdSockMsg;
	if (0 != WSAStartup(wdVersion, &wdSockMsg))
	{
		printf("打开网络库失败\n");
		return 0;
	}
	if (2 != HIBYTE(wdSockMsg.wVersion) || 2 != LOBYTE(wdSockMsg.wVersion))
	{
		printf("版本不对\n");
		WSACleanup();
		return 0;
	}
	//第二步 创建socket
	socketServer = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
	if (socketServer == INVALID_SOCKET)
	{
		int a = WSAGetLastError();
		printf("socket创建失败\n");
		WSACleanup();
		return 0;
	}
	//第三步 绑定ip地址和端口号
	struct sockaddr_in si;
	si.sin_family = AF_INET;
	si.sin_port = htons(12345);
	si.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
	if (SOCKET_ERROR == bind(socketServer, (const SOCKADDR*)&si, sizeof(si)))
	{
		printf("绑定失败\n");
		closesocket(socketServer);
		WSACleanup();
		return 0;
	}
	//第四步 收发消息
	while (1)
	{
		//接收
		struct sockaddr siClient;
		char strBuf[548] = { 0 };
		int nLen = sizeof(siClient);
		int num = recvfrom(socketServer, strBuf, nLen, 0, &siClient, &nLen);
		if (num == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			int a = WSAGetLastError();
			printf("接收出错，错误码：%d\n", a);
		}

		printf("%s\n",strBuf);

		//发送
		memset(strBuf, 0, 548);
		scanf("%s", strBuf);
		int sNum = sendto(socketServer, strBuf, (int)strlen(strBuf), 0, &siClient, sizeof(siClient));
		if (sNum == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			int a = WSAGetLastError();
			printf("发送出错，错误码：%d\n", a);
		}
	}
	
	closesocket(socketServer);
	WSACleanup();

	return 0;
}

        客户端

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS

#include<stdio.h>
#include<winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

int main()
{
	WORD wdVersion = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
	WSADATA wdSockMsg;
	if (0 != WSAStartup(wdVersion, &wdSockMsg))
	{
		printf("网络库打开失败\n");
		return 0;
	}
	if (2 != HIBYTE(wdSockMsg.wVersion) || 2 != LOBYTE(wdSockMsg.wVersion))
	{
		printf("版本不对\n");
		return 0;
	}
	SOCKET socketClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
	if (socketClient == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		printf("创建socket失败\n");
		WSACleanup();
		return 0;
	}
	struct sockaddr_in siServer;
	siServer.sin_family = AF_INET;
	siServer.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
	siServer.sin_port = htons(12345);

	while (1)
	{
		char strbuf[548] = { 0 };
		scanf("%s", strbuf);
		int sNum = sendto(socketClient, strbuf, (int)strlen(strbuf), 0, (const struct sockaddr*)&siServer, sizeof(siServer));
		if (sNum == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			printf("发送出错\n");
		}
		memset(strbuf, 0, 548);
		struct sockaddr siClient;
		int nLen = sizeof(siClient);
		int rNum = recvfrom(socketClient, strbuf, 548, 0, &siClient, &nLen);
		if (rNum == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			printf("接收出错\n");
		}
		printf("%s\n",strbuf);
	}

	return 0;
}