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⛄二、简介
1 绪论
调制：把消息信号寄托到载波的某个参数上，形成已调信号。
解调：调制的逆过程，从已调信号中恢复消息信号。
2 调制的目的
无线通信中，匹配信道特性，提高发射信号的频率，减小天线尺寸；频谱搬移，一条信道中同时传输多路信号，多路复用，提高信道利用率；扩展信号带宽，提高系统抗干扰能力；实现带宽与信噪比的互换（有效性和可靠性）；利用电话线将PC机接入Internet，需要翻译模/数信号。
3 调制的分类
3.1 涉及的信号
消息信号，又称调制信号、基带信号；
载波：运载工具，常用的是正弦波、脉冲序列；
已调信号：受调载波，载有消息信号的信息，具有多种形式。
3.2 可以从不同角度分类
按调制信号的类型：模拟调制/数字调制
按已调信号的频谱结构：线性调制/非线性调制
按正弦载波的受调参量：幅度调制/频率调制/相位调制
按载波信号的类型：连续波调制/脉冲调制
4 幅度调制
4.1 一般模型
（1）理论基础：傅里叶变换
（2）一般模型
幅度调制：消息信号控制正弦载波的幅度。
方法：用消息信号通过相乘器乘上载波信号，再通过带通滤波器（时域卷积滤波器特性）。
举例：AM、DSB、SSB、VSB。
4.2 常规双边带调幅AM
t 域：已调信号的波形，调制/解调方法
f 域：已调信号的频谱，带宽B
AM信号的包络正比于消息信号的规律，因此可以采用简单的**包络检波方法（非相干解调）**解调；
频谱由载波、上边带USB、下边带LSB组成。带宽BAM=2fH；
幅度调制又称为线性调制；
应用：中短波调幅广播。
缺点：功率利用率低，最多达到50%
4.3 抑制载波双边带DSB
频谱由上边带USB、下边带LSB组成，没有了载波分量。带宽BDSB=BAM=2fH；
调制效率可达100%。
采用相干解调：
方法：用消息信号通过想乘器乘上相干载波信号，再通过低通滤波器（时域卷积滤波器特性）。
要求：载波同步（相干载波和载波信号同频同相）
4.4 单边带调制SSB
只传输一个边带，频带利用率高。带宽BSSB=BAM/2=fH；在频谱拥挤的通信场合，如短波通信、多路载波电话系统。低功耗特性。使用于移动通信系统。
缺点：设备复杂，存在技术难点，需要相干解调。
4.5 残留边带调制VSB
残留边带滤波器特性：在载频处具有互补对称特性；介于单边带与双边带之间的方案。
5 角度调制
正弦载波有三个参量：幅度、频率、相位。都可以携带消息信号。
其中，频率（FM）和相位（PM）都称为角度调制。
频率调制（FM）
幅度恒定，对瞬时相位对t求微分，得到瞬时角频率。
调频的频谱由载频分量wc两侧的无数多对边频wc±nwm组成，其幅度取决于mf；
理论上，调频的带宽无穷大；
实际中，用卡森公式计算FM带宽：BFM=2(mf+1)fm。fm为调制信号的最高频率
FM调制为非线性调制。FM解调也称鉴频 ，采用微分电路+包络检波实现。
FM的特点和应用
特点：幅度不变，包络恒定。
优势：抗噪能力强；
代价：占用较大信道带宽，频谱利用率低；
应用：高质量或信道噪声大的场合。如卫星通信、移动通信、微波通信等。
6 抗噪声性能
性能指标：输出信噪比、制度增益
输入信噪比：Ni=n0B。n0是噪声的单边功率谱密度，B=2fH是带宽，是基带带宽的2倍。
AM DSB SSB VSB（幅度调制）
相干解调器：线性解调，信号和噪声可以分开处理。
双边带和单边带调制的抗噪声性能相同。
小信噪比时，信号被干扰为噪声，产生门限效应。原因是包络检波的非线性解调作用。
信噪比固定。
FM（角度调制）
FM系统可以通过增加传输带宽来改善抗噪声性能（信噪比）。
总结
频谱利用率 SSB>VSB>DSB/AM>FM
抗噪声性能：FM>DSB/SSB>VSB>AM
设备复杂度：AM最简，DSB/FM次之，SSB最复杂
⛄三、部分源代码
function varargout = signal_generator(varargin)
% SIGNAL_GENERATOR MATLAB code for signal_generator.fig
% SIGNAL_GENERATOR, by itself, creates a new SIGNAL_GENERATOR or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = SIGNAL_GENERATOR returns the handle to a new SIGNAL_GENERATOR or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% SIGNAL_GENERATOR(‘CALLBACK’,hObject,eventData,handles,…) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in SIGNAL_GENERATOR.M with the given input arguments.
%
% SIGNAL_GENERATOR(‘Property’,‘Value’,…) creates a new SIGNAL_GENERATOR or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before signal_generator_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to signal_generator_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE’s Tools menu. Choose “GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)”.
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help signal_generator
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 12-Jul-2021 20:04:30
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct(‘gui_Name’, mfilename, …
‘gui_Singleton’, gui_Singleton, …
‘gui_OpeningFcn’, @signal_generator_OpeningFcn, …
‘gui_OutputFcn’, @signal_generator_OutputFcn, …
‘gui_LayoutFcn’, [] , …
‘gui_Callback’, []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% — Executes just before signal_generator is made visible.
function signal_generator_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to signal_generator (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for signal_generator
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes signal_generator wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% — Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = signal_generator_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% — Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
AM
% — Executes on button press in pushbutton5.
function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
DSB
% — Executes on button press in pushbutton6.
function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
SSB
% — Executes on button press in pushbutton7.
function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
FM
% — Executes on button press in pushbutton8.
function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
close(handles.figure1);
% — Executes just before AM is made visible.
function AM_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to AM (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for AM
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes AM wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% — Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = AM_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function axes3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to axes3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: place code in OpeningFcn to populate axes3
% — Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function frame1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to frame1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function text2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to text2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% — Executes when entered data in editable cell(s) in uitable2.
function uitable2_CellEditCallback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to uitable2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata structure with the following fields (see MATLAB.UI.CONTROL.TABLE)
% Indices: row and column indices of the cell(s) edited
% PreviousData: previous data for the cell(s) edited
% EditData: string(s) entered by the user
% NewData: EditData or its converted form set on the Data property. Empty if Data was not changed
% Error: error string when failed to convert EditData to appropriate value for Data
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% — Executes on selection change in listbox3.
function listbox3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to listbox3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,‘String’)) returns listbox3 contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,‘Value’)} returns selected item from listbox3
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function listbox3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to listbox3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: listbox controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’), get(0,‘defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’))
set(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’,‘white’);
end
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,‘String’) returns contents of edit1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,‘String’)) returns contents of edit1 as a double
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’), get(0,‘defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’))
set(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’,‘white’);
end
function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,‘String’) returns contents of edit2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,‘String’)) returns contents of edit2 as a double
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’), get(0,‘defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’))
set(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’,‘white’);
end
function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,‘String’) returns contents of edit3 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,‘String’)) returns contents of edit3 as a double
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’), get(0,‘defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’))
set(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’,‘white’);
end
% — Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
f=str2num(get(handles.edit2,‘String’)); %f=1,1hz基带信号
A=str2num(get(handles.edit1,‘String’)); % A=0.3
fc=str2num(get(handles.edit3,‘String’)); %fc=64 hz载波
fs=str2num(get(handles.edit4,‘String’)); %fs=1024;
t=0:1/fs:2-0.5/fs; %采样时间为0到2秒
x=(1+Acos(2pift)).cos(2pifct); %调幅表达式
plot(handles.axes1,x);
⛄四、运行结果
⛄五、matlab版本及参考文献
1 matlab版本
2014a
2 参考文献
[1] 沈再阳.精通MATLAB信号处理[M].清华大学出版社，2015.
[2]高宝建,彭进业,王琳,潘建寿.信号与系统——使用MATLAB分析与实现[M].清华大学出版社，2020.
[3]王文光,魏少明,任欣.信号处理与系统分析的MATLAB实现[M].电子工业出版社，2018.
3 备注
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