GUI编程基本介绍及快速入门附贪吃蛇小游戏案例

简介

GUi的核心技术：Swing，AWT

缺点；界面不美观

2.需要jre环境

为什么需要学习

可以写出心中想要的小工具

了解MVC架构，了解监听

AWT

Awt介绍

new类

抽象的窗口工具！GUI：图像用户编程

Eeclipse：java写

元素：窗口，按钮，文本框

java

核心类：组件Component

2.2组件和容器

//还原按钮结构

package com.cai.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Test03 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame();


        frame.setSize(400,400);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));


        //4个面版
        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel3= new Panel(new GridLayout());
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //上面ok
        panel1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel2.add(new Button("panel2-bth-1"));
        panel2.add(new Button("panel2-bth-2"));
        panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下面
        panel3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);

        //中间四个
        for (int i = 0; i < 4 ; i++) {

            panel4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);

        frame.addWindowFocusListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        

    }
}

东南西北中

package com.cai.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class Tested {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("Tested");


        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");


        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(400,400);
        frame.setVisible(true);


    }
}

package com.cai.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class Test02 {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("Test02");


        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

事件监听

事情监听：当某个事件发生的时候，干什么？

package com.cai.leddon02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Test001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为，addActionListener（）需要一个ActionListener，所以需要构造一个ActionListener

        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);


        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);//BorderLayout居中事件
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }

    //关闭窗口事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowFocusListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.exit(0);
            }
        });


    }
}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");

    }
}

多个按钮共享一个事件

package com.cai.leddon02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Test02 {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮实现同一个监听

        Frame frame = new Frame("开始—停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();

        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg"+e.getActionCommand());
        if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start"));
    }
}

输入框TextField

package com.cai.leddon02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Test03 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动

        new MyFrame2();

    }
}
class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
    public MyFrame2(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
     //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();

        //按下enter 就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源
        System.out.println(field.getText());  //控制台获取输入框的文本
        field.setText(""); //null ""
    }
}

简易计算器，组合+内部类回归复习

oop原则：组合大于继承

项目目标样式功能

package com.cai.leddon02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//简易计算器
public class TextCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
        
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){

        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(20);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(30);
        //一个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        MyCalculatorListener myCalculatorListener = new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3);
        button.addActionListener(myCalculatorListener);
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        
    }
}

class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

    //获取单个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;

    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        //1.获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值加法运算后，放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        
        //清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");

    }
}

画笔事件

package com.cai.leddon02;

import java.awt.*;

public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{


    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(202,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);

    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
    //画笔需要颜色，可以花花
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawOval(200,200,300,300);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心圆
    }
}

鼠标监听

目的：实现鼠标画画

package com.cai.leddon02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class Test05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前位置，需要集合存储这个点
    ArrayList points;

    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,400);
        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();

        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());


    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标按下，谈起，按住不放
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame)e.getSource();
            //点击这个时，就会在界面产生一个点！画
            //这个点就是鼠标的点：
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

窗口监听

package com.cai.leddon02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

import static com.sun.glass.ui.Cursor.setVisible;

public class Test06 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();

    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
//        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("你点击了x");
                    }
                }
        );

    }
}

class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
    @Override
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
        setVisible(false);   //隐藏窗口，通过按钮隐藏当前窗口
        System.exit(0);  //正常退出
    }
}

键盘监听

package com.cai.leddon02;


import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{


    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,100,100);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获取键盘下的键是哪个，当前的码
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); //不需要去记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性VK_xxx
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
                //根据按下不同操作，产生不同的结果
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing

窗口与面板

文件1

package com.cai.swing01;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo01 {

    //init(); 初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);

        //设置文字
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到蔡爷世界");
        jf.add(label);

        //容器实例化

        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo01().init();
    }
}

文件2

package com.cai.swing01;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo01 {

    //init(); 初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);

        //设置文字
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到蔡爷世界");
        jf.add(label);

        //容器实例化

        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo01().init();
    }
}

弹出弹窗

package com.cai.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {


    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西，容量
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);

        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { //监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
               //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,200,300);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        Label label = new Label("caiyenb");
        label.setBounds(0,0,200,300);

        //设置字体大小
        Font font = new Font("宋体",Font.BOLD,20);
        label.setFont(font);
        container.add(label);
    }

}

标签

new Lab

图片获取

package com.cai.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("../lesson03/1.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(200,300,200,200);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();


    }
}

面版

按钮

package com.cai.lesson03;

import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {

    public JPanelDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));

        JPanel Panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        JPanel Panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel Panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        JPanel Panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));

        Panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        Panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        Panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        Panel2.add(new JButton("1"));
        Panel2.add(new JButton("1"));
        Panel3.add(new JButton("1"));
        Panel4.add(new JButton("1"));
        Panel4.add(new JButton("1"));


        container.add(Panel1);
        container.add(Panel2);
        container.add(Panel3);
        container.add(Panel4);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();


    }
}

图片按钮

package com.cai.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01() throws HeadlessException {

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("1.jpg");
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        //add
        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

滚动条

package com.cai.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {

    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎来到沈阳java");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,300);

        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JScrollDemo();
    }

}

单选框按钮

package com.cai.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo02() throws HeadlessException {

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("1.jpg");
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
        
        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton01 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
        JRadioButton radioButton02 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
        JRadioButton radioButton03 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");

        //由于单选框只能选一个，分组，一个组中只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton01);
        group.add(radioButton02);
        group.add(radioButton03);

        //add
        container.add(radioButton01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton03,BorderLayout.EAST);
        
        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
        
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

复选框按钮

package com.cai.lesson03;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo03() throws HeadlessException {

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("1.jpg");
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //单选框
        JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("JCheckBox01");
        JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("JCheckBox02");
        JCheckBox checkBox03 = new JCheckBox("JCheckBox03");

//        //由于单选框只能选一个，分组，一个组中只能选择一个
//        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
//        group.add(checkBox01);
//        group.add(checkBox02);
//        group.add(checkBox03);

        //add
        container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox03,BorderLayout.EAST);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

下拉框

package com.cai.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Test01 extends JFrame {
    public Test01(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("访问量");
        status.addItem("还不错");

//        status.addActionListener();

        container.add(status);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test01();
    }
}

列表

package com.cai.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Test02 extends JFrame {
    public Test02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //生成列表的内容
        String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};

        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        container.add(jList);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test02();
    }
}

应用场景

• 选择地区，或者一些单个选择
• 列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容！

文本框

• 文本框

• 密码框

• 文本域

贪吃蛇

帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒三十帧，60帧，拆开就是静态的图片

键盘监听

定时器 time

1.定义

项目地址

C:\Users\20816\IdeaProjects\GUI-demo\src\com\cai\srake

ontainer.add(status);

    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    new Test01();
}

}

列表

```java
package com.cai.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Test02 extends JFrame {
    public Test02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //生成列表的内容
        String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};

        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        container.add(jList);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test02();
    }
}

应用场景

• 选择地区，或者一些单个选择
• 列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容！

文本框

• 文本框

• 密码框

• 文本域

贪吃蛇

帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒三十帧，60帧，拆开就是静态的图片

键盘监听

定时器 time

1.定义

项目地址

C:\Users\20816\IdeaProjects\GUI-demo\src\com\cai\srake