HCIA--静态路由综合实验

zhang.504

已于 2024-06-02 15:20:39 修改

阅读量389

点赞数 6

文章标签：智能路由器网络

于 2024-05-31 21:11:27 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_65476290/article/details/139325801

版权

实验思路：

第一步：配置环回IP，接口IP

第二步：静态路由配置及路由黑洞，缺省路由

第三步：配置静态浮动路由

静态路由的扩展配置

负载均衡 --- 当路由器转发流量时，拥有多条开销相似路径时，可以让设备将流量拆分后延多条路径同时传输；

1：环回接口

[r1]interface LoopBack ?

<0-1023> LoopBack interface number

[r1]interface LoopBack 0

[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24

在路由器上创建环回接口，可以和pc的环回网卡一样，用于测试该设备的TCP/IP协议栈道能否正常封装与解封装数据；

还可用于实验环境中模拟连接终端PC的接口，来降低实验的硬件成本；

2：手工汇总-- 路由器访问多个连续子网（可以被汇总的网段）时，若全部基于相同的下一跳时，可以将这些目标网段进行汇总计算后，仅编写到达汇总网段的路由条目即可--- 减少路由表条目的数量

3：路由黑洞

汇总时，汇总的网段中包含了网络内实际不存在的网段，被访问时将出现有去无回现象--浪费了硬件资源 === 建议合理的规划ip地址，尽量的精确汇总路由

4：缺省路由

一条不限定目标的路由条目，路由器查表时，在查询完本地所有的直连、静态、动态路由后，若依然没有可达路径才使用该条目；

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2

5：空接口防环路由--缺省路由与路由黑洞相遇，必然出现环路；

可以在黑洞路由器上，编辑到达汇总网段的空接口路由来避免环路

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 NULL 0

6：浮动静态路由--- 路由器若同时存在两条到达相同目标的路由时，需要关注两条信息的优先级，优先级小可以加载到路由表被使用；若优先级相同，两条同时加表实现负载均衡；

优先级0-255 默认静态路由为60

通过修改默认的静态路由优先级，可以实现静态路由备份的效果-- 浮动静态路由

ip route-static 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2 preference 61

r1:

[r1]display ip routing-table protocol static 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 9        Configured Routes : 9

Static routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 8

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
    192.168.1.4/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.8/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.16/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0               0.0.0.0         NULL0

[r1]

[r1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 15       Routes : 16       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.1     Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.4/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.8/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.12/30  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.13    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.13/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.32/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.33    LoopBack0
   192.168.1.33/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   192.168.1.48/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.49    LoopBack1
   192.168.1.49/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1


[r1]display this
#
sysname r1
#
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
#
return
	
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14


[r1]display ip routing-table protocol static 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
         Destinations : 6        Routes : 7        Configured Routes : 7

Static routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 6        Routes : 7

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

    192.168.1.4/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.8/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.16/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[r1] User interface con0 is available

	
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null 0

May 31 2024 20:47:37-08:00 r1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.
191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 16, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095. User interface con0 is available



Please Press ENTER.


[r1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 17       Routes : 18       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.1     Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.4/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.8/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.12/30  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.13    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.13/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.16/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.32/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.33    LoopBack0
   192.168.1.33/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   192.168.1.48/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.49    LoopBack1
   192.168.1.49/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1


[r1]display ip routing-table protocol static 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 9        Configured Routes : 9

Static routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 8

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
    192.168.1.4/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.8/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.16/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.14    Ethernet0/0/1

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0               0.0.0.0         NULL0

[r1]

[r1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
!down: FIB overload down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
(d): Dampening Suppressed
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 8
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 8

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
Ethernet0/0/0                     192.168.1.1/30       up         up        
Ethernet0/0/1                     192.168.1.13/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/3              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.33/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.49/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial0/0/0                       unassigned           down       down      
Serial0/0/1                       unassigned           down       down      
Serial0/0/2                       unassigned           down       down      
Serial0/0/3                       unassigned           down       down

r2:

[r2]display ip routing-table protocol static 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 11       Configured Routes : 11

Static routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 10

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.6     Ethernet0/0/1
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.1     Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.8/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.6     Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.12/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.1     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.16/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.1     Ethernet0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.6     Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.1     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.6     Ethernet0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.1     Ethernet0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.6     Ethernet0/0/1

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0               0.0.0.0         NULL0

[r2]

r3:

[r3]display ip routing-table protocol static 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 9        Configured Routes : 9

Static routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 9

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.10    Ethernet0/0/1
    192.168.1.0/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.5     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.12/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.10    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.16/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.10    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.5     Ethernet0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.10    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.5     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0           D   0.0.0.0         NULL0
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.10    Ethernet0/0/1

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[r3]

r4:

[r4]display ip routing-table protocol static 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 9        Configured Routes : 9

Static routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 8

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.18    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.1.0/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.13    Ethernet0/0/1
    192.168.1.4/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.9     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.13    Ethernet0/0/1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.13    Ethernet0/0/1
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.9     Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.9     Ethernet0/0/0
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0           D   0.0.0.0         NULL0

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.22    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

[r4]

r5:

[r5]display ip routing-table protocol static 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 16       Configured Routes : 16

Static routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

    192.168.1.0/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.17    Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.4/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.17    Ethernet0/0/0
    192.168.1.8/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.17    Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.12/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.17    Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.17    Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.17    Ethernet0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.17    Ethernet0/0/0
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.17    Ethernet0/0/0

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

    192.168.1.0/30  Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.1.4/30  Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.1.8/30  Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.1.12/30  Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  61   0          R    192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys	
[Huawei]sysname r5

[r5]interface e0/0/0
[r5-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30	
[r5]interface g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r5]interface LoopBack0	
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.5 24
[r5-LoopBack0]q

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17	
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17	
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17	
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17	
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17	
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17	
[r5]display this 
#
sysname r5
#
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
#


<r5>
<r5>
<r5>
<r5>sys	
<r5>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r5]display this
#
sysname r5
#
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
#

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]

zhang.504

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HCIA--静态路由综合实验

路由器访问多个连续子网（可以被汇总的网段）时，若全部基于相同的下一跳时，可以将这些目标网段进行汇总计算后，仅编写到达汇总网段的路由条目即可--- 减少路由表条目的数量。--- 路由器若同时存在两条到达相同目标的路由时，需要关注两条信息的优先级，优先级小可以加载到路由表被使用；汇总时，汇总的网段中包含了网络内实际不存在的网段，被访问时将出现有去无回现象--浪费了硬件资源 === 建议合理的规划ip地址，尽量的精确汇总路由。通过修改默认的静态路由优先级，可以实现静态路由备份的效果-- 浮动静态路由。
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